Trends in Distributed Systems and the Internet
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Questions and Answers

What is contributing to significant changes in distributed systems?

  • Emergence of pervasive networking technology (correct)
  • Limited user mobility
  • Decreased internet usage
  • Reduction in multimedia services

    • Which technology has become a prevalent element in distributed systems?

  • Voice over IP technology
  • Standalone computing
  • Ubiquitous computing (correct)
  • Dial-up connections

    • What role does a firewall play in a distributed system?

  • Creates redundancy in communication
  • Filters unauthorized messages in and out (correct)
  • Monitors content of emails only
  • Permits all messages through an intranet

    • What is the modern Internet primarily characterized as?

    <p>A vast interconnected collection of networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services does the Internet enable for users?

    <p>Access to the World Wide Web, email, and file transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies does NOT contribute to the Internet's networking infrastructure?

    <p>Interpersonal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a firewall filter based on?

    <p>Source or destination of messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical purpose of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

    <p>To provide broadband links and internet access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a backbone in a network context?

    <p>A network link with high transmission capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines an intranet?

    <p>A portion of the Internet that is separately administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are important in the design of an intranet?

    <p>File services and firewall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connection can a backbone utilize?

    <p>High-bandwidth circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an intranet connect to the Internet?

    <p>By using a router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the rise of mobile and ubiquitous computing?

    <p>Advancements in device miniaturization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be considered a critical issue in the design of intranet components?

    <p>The cost of software installation and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes the role of a router in an intranet?

    <p>It connects multiple LANs within the intranet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation of distributed computing?

    <p>Resource sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of resource shared in distributed computing?

    <p>Software bugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a server do in a distributed computing environment?

    <p>Accepts and responds to requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can ubiquitous computing benefit users?

    <p>By connecting devices in environments like homes and hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a client in the context of remote invocation?

    <p>The requesting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated the creation of the World Wide Web?

    <p>Document sharing among physicists at CERN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the operation of the World Wide Web?

    <p>Open system extensibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mobile computing is true?

    <p>It benefits from conventional, discrete devices like laptops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does heterogeneity in distributed systems refer to?

    <p>Variety and differences in networks and hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is crucial for different systems to communicate effectively?

    <p>Common standards for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge posed by different programming languages in distributed systems?

    <p>They can cause communication failures without common standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Internet address the heterogeneity of networks?

    <p>By masking differences with Internet protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must differences in data representation be managed in distributed systems?

    <p>To ensure messages can be correctly exchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect should different developers adhere to for their applications to communicate?

    <p>Common representation of primitive data items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of operating systems does not necessarily need to be the same across the Internet?

    <p>Application programming interface for these protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does scalability in distributed systems primarily relate to?

    <p>The ability to manage heavy load on web servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge associated with sending sensitive information over the Internet?

    <p>Verifying the identity of the sender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a denial of service attack?

    <p>To disrupt service for legitimate users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is handling mobile code a security concern?

    <p>It may access local resources unexpectedly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a system to be scalable?

    <p>It remains effective with increased resources and users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the problems identified with denial of service attacks?

    <p>There is no general solution to address them effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is noted regarding the growth of computers and web servers on the Internet?

    <p>A flattening out in the relative percentage growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of the dramatic increase in computers and servers on the Internet?

    <p>Greater difficulty in managing resources effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding mobile code?

    <p>It can be written to execute any arbitrary code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The emergence of pervasive networking technology is a key driver of distributed system evolution, as it allows for devices to connect at any time and place.
    • Ubiquitous computing, combined with the desire for user mobility in distributed systems, creates a landscape where computers are integrated into everyday environments and can be accessed from various devices.
    • Multimedia services demand higher bandwidth and performance, requiring optimized distributed systems to handle the increased data flow.
    • Treating distributed systems as utilities emphasizes the need for easy access, scalability, and reliable service provisioning.

    The Internet

    • The Internet is a vast network of interconnected computer networks, encompassing various technologies like WiFi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and mobile phone networks.
    • Intranets are sub-networks typically used by companies and organizations, often protected by firewalls to manage internal security.
    • Internet Service Providers (ISPs) facilitate broadband links and internet access for individuals and organizations.
    • Backbones, with high transmission capacity, connect intranets together using satellite connections, fiber optic cables, and other high-bandwidth circuits.

    Key Issues in Intranet Design

    • Intranets require careful consideration of file services, firewall security, and the costs associated with software installation and support.

    Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

    • Advances in device miniaturization and wireless networking allow for mobile computing devices to seamlessly integrate with distributed systems.
    • This integration allows for convenient control of various devices, such as appliances and entertainment systems, from portable devices.
    • Ubiquitous computing enables devices to communicate with each other, offering possibilities for automation and user notifications.
    • Mobile computing facilitates access to distributed resources from diverse locations and devices.

    Resource Sharing

    • Resource sharing is a primary motivation for distributed computing, and various resources can be shared, including hardware, data, and specific functionalities.
    • Services manage and present related resources to users and applications.
    • Servers are processes on networked computers that execute services upon request and respond accordingly.
    • Clients are requesting processes that communicate with servers.
    • Remote invocation refers to the complete interaction process between client and server, from request to response delivery.
    • The World Wide Web (WWW) was initially driven by the need to share documents.
    • The Web's open system allows for continuous expansion and implementation of new functionalities without disrupting its existing functionality.
    • Scalability is a crucial aspect of web servers, as they need to handle substantial data traffic.

    Challenges in Distributed Systems

    • Heterogeneity exists across networks, hardware, operating systems, programming languages, and implementations by different developers.
    • Security is paramount for safeguarding sensitive information transmitted over networks.
    • Denial of Service (DoS) attacks disrupt services by overwhelming them with excessive requests, hindering legitimate users.
    • Mobile code security poses challenges, as executing code received from unknown sources could lead to unintended consequences or malicious actions.
    • Scalability is crucial for distributed systems to function efficiently across varying scales, from small intranets to the vast Internet.

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    Description

    Explore the latest trends in distributed systems and the role of the Internet in connecting devices. This quiz covers topics such as ubiquitous computing, multimedia services, and the importance of scalable, reliable systems. Enhance your understanding of how these technologies interact and evolve together.

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