Distributed Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does fault tolerance in a distributed system primarily address?

  • Ensuring data is accessible regardless of network speed
  • Maintaining system performance during hardware or software failures (correct)
  • Increasing the number of nodes to enhance processing speed
  • Improving user interface design for better interaction

Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of distributed systems?

  • Resource Sharing among nodes
  • Reliability and Fault Tolerance in case of failure
  • Increased complexity in database management (correct)
  • Geographical Distribution allowing global service

What primary characteristic does transparency in distributed systems provide to users?

  • Maximum utilization of network bandwidth
  • A simplified operational interface for interaction
  • Hiding the complexity of resource management and functionality (correct)
  • Access to real-time data across all nodes

Scalability in distributed systems allows for which of the following?

<p>Adding computers to handle increased demand without major changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor poses a challenge regarding security in distributed systems?

<p>The ability to share resources among multiple systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of concurrency in distributed systems?

<p>Multiple users can simultaneously access and perform functions across different locations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue may arise due to networking saturation in distributed systems?

<p>Challenges in accessing data promptly due to lag (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of openness in a distributed system?

<p>Facilitating extensions and improvements by allowing shared development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of parallel computing compared to serial computing?

<p>Significant time and cost savings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies is NOT associated with Web 3.0?

<p>HTML5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the function of AJAX in web development?

<p>It enables asynchronous updates of web pages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of peer-to-peer file sharing technologies like Napster?

<p>To facilitate direct sharing between users. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of serial computing when dealing with complex problems?

<p>It is often impractical for solving larger problems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do search engines like AltaVista and Yahoo! primarily function?

<p>By indexing vast amounts of online data for retrieval. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the enhanced social web known as Web 2.0?

<p>Dynamic content with active user participation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about intelligent digital personal assistants is true?

<p>They utilize artificial intelligence for task automation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of using a private cloud in terms of data governance?

<p>Greater control over data governance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the private cloud enhance performance and dependability?

<p>By allowing organizations to control the underlying infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What customization feature does a private cloud offer organizations?

<p>Ability to configure resources based on specific business needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of compliance, what advantage does a private cloud provide?

<p>Easier fulfillment of compliance and regulatory standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of resource management is improved in a private cloud compared to other setups?

<p>Allocation of resources based on demand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a private cloud allow organizations to avoid in terms of management?

<p>Reliance on third-party service providers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the integration ability of a private cloud benefit organizations?

<p>Enables a hybrid cloud infrastructure leveraging both models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of private cloud environments regarding uptime?

<p>Higher reliability and uptime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of SaaS regarding software maintenance?

<p>All users have access to a unified software version managed by the provider. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of using SaaS in terms of performance?

<p>There may be higher latency due to variable distance from the cloud. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is the dependency on the internet particularly problematic for SaaS applications?

<p>If there is an unstable internet connection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which challenge arises when switching between SaaS vendors?

<p>Transferring large data files and converting them is cumbersome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does API integration in SaaS services facilitate?

<p>Easy connectivity with other software or services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of community cloud environments?

<p>Support for community-specific services and applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the management model of a community cloud?

<p>Jointly owned and managed by participating organizations or third parties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consequence of performance variability in IaaS environments?

<p>Performance may fluctuate depending on resource sharing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of IaaS is crucial for preventing productivity loss?

<p>Stable internet connectivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of community cloud enhances compliance and regulatory adherence?

<p>Implementation of tailored security controls relevant to the community (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of using IaaS concerning resource allocation?

<p>It complicates cost management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cost sharing benefit organizations participating in a community cloud?

<p>Expenses associated with infrastructure are distributed among members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is encouraged through the use of a community cloud?

<p>Detailed information-sharing mechanisms and collaboration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PaaS offer that allows developers to focus on application deployment?

<p>Managed back-end scalability by the service provider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language is often supported by PaaS providers?

<p>Python (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a community cloud be most appropriate?

<p>When government sectors share sensitive information securely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes community clouds from public clouds?

<p>Community clouds are accessible to a specific group of organizations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for organizations wanting to efficiently manage IaaS resources?

<p>Training for IT staff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common service provided by PaaS for developers?

<p>Pre-configured application frameworks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infrastructure is provided by a community cloud?

<p>A shared infrastructure tailored for community collaboration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do PaaS providers typically charge for their services?

<p>Pay-as-you-go basis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Scalability in Distributed Systems

The ability of a system to handle increasing workloads by adding more components or resources.

Fault Tolerance in Distributed Systems

The feature of a distributed system that allows it to continue operating even if one or more parts fail.

Transparency in Distributed Systems

The process of hiding the complexity of a distributed system from users and applications.

Concurrency in Distributed Systems

The ability of a system to support multiple users working on the same data or tasks simultaneously.

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Openness in Distributed Systems

The degree to which a system's components are open to modification, extension, and sharing.

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Scalability Advantage

Distributed systems can easily grow by adding more computers, allowing them to handle increased demand.

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Reliability and Fault Tolerance Advantage

If one part of a distributed system fails, others can take over, making it more resilient.

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Performance Advantage

Workloads can be split across multiple computers, resulting in faster task completion and improved overall performance.

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Enhanced Security and Privacy in Private Cloud

Private cloud provides superior security and privacy compared to public cloud options due to better control over data and access restrictions.

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Customization Flexibility in Private Cloud

Private clouds enable organizations to customize resources like storage and networks to meet their unique needs and optimize performance.

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Scalability and Allocation in Private Cloud

Private clouds allow organizations to expand or shrink their infrastructure based on demand, ensuring efficient resource utilization.

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Performance & Reliability in Private Cloud

Private clouds offer better control over underlying infrastructure, resulting in increased performance and reliability.

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Compliance and Regulatory Advantage in Private Cloud

Private cloud enables easier compliance with industry regulations and data security standards due to greater control over security measures and data governance.

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Hybrid Cloud Integration with Private Cloud

Private clouds can be seamlessly integrated with public cloud services, creating a hybrid cloud environment that combines the benefits of both.

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Control and Ownership in Private Cloud

Private cloud offers a high degree of control and management for organizations, putting them in charge of their own infrastructure.

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Suitable for Security-Conscious Organizations

Private cloud is ideal for organizations with strict security requirements, needing a dedicated and secure platform for their data.

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Parallel Computing

A type of computing that utilizes multiple processing units working simultaneously to solve problems.

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Serial Computing

Computing that processes tasks one after another, using a single processor.

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Problem Decomposition

Dividing a complex problem into smaller, independent tasks that can be solved concurrently by multiple processing units.

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Time Efficiency

The advantage of parallel computing over serial computing, where multiple processors work concurrently, reducing the time required to complete a task.

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Cost Efficiency

The benefit of parallel computing over serial computing, where multiple processors can complete a task using fewer resources, ultimately reducing costs.

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Solving Larger Problems

Parallel computing allows you to solve larger and more complex problems that would be impractical or impossible to solve with a single processor.

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Non-Local Resources

Parallel computing can utilize resources from different locations, expanding computational capacity beyond local limitations.

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Finite Local Resources

Parallel computing is beneficial when local computing resources are limited, allowing access to additional computational power.

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Community Cloud

A cloud infrastructure shared by a group of organizations with common interests (e.g., healthcare, government).

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How does a Community Cloud work?

A system designed to be accessed by multiple organizations. It uses common infrastructure and services to meet those organizations' shared needs.

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Community-specific services in Community Clouds

Community Clouds provide services, applications, and data tailored to the specific requirements and challenges faced by the organizations within that community.

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Ownership and Management of a Community Cloud

The infrastructure is managed by one or more organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination of both. This ensures alignment with the shared needs and goals of the community.

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Security and Compliance in Community Clouds

Community Clouds prioritize security and compliance measures relevant to the specific community. This includes access management, robust security controls, and adhering to industry standards.

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Cost Sharing and Efficiency in Community Clouds

Sharing infrastructure and resources among community members leads to cost savings for each organization. This reduces the overall financial burden of establishing and maintaining a cloud environment.

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Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing in Community Clouds

Community Clouds promote collaboration and knowledge sharing among participating organizations, allowing them to work together on projects, share information, and leverage resources effectively.

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What is the most concise definition of a Community Cloud?

A cloud technology that provides specialized services and resources for a specific group of organizations within a specific industry or sector.

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IaaS Performance Variability

Performance in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) can fluctuate due to shared resources and multi-tenancy, impacting application response times.

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IaaS Dependency on Internet Connectivity

Internet access is crucial for IaaS, and any disruptions or connectivity issues can significantly impact productivity and business operations.

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IaaS Learning Curve and Complexity

Using and managing IaaS requires technical expertise, often necessitating training or hiring outside expertise.

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Cost Management in IaaS

While providing scalability and flexibility, IaaS can lead to uncontrolled costs if resource utilization is not closely monitored and managed.

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What is Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment where developers can easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications without managing the underlying infrastructure.

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Programming Languages in PaaS

PaaS providers offer various programming languages, allowing developers to choose their preferred language for application development.

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Application Frameworks in PaaS

PaaS platforms often provide pre-configured application frameworks to streamline the development process, reducing the amount of code developers need to write from scratch.

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Examples of PaaS Platforms

Examples of PaaS platforms include Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, and Azure, offering different features and pricing options.

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What is the typical way users interact with SaaS applications?

Software as a Service (SaaS) applications are web-based, meaning users access them through their web browser without needing to install software on their computers. This eliminates the need for different software versions for different users, as everyone uses the same online version.

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How does SaaS impact IT costs for organizations?

SaaS providers maintain and support the software and hardware, reducing the workload on IT departments. Users simply access the service, freeing them from managing updates and troubleshooting issues.

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What makes SaaS applications versatile in terms of device compatibility?

SaaS applications are designed to be accessible from various devices, such as desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. This flexibility allows users to work from anywhere, anytime.

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How do SaaS offerings connect with other applications?

SaaS services typically rely on APIs to communicate and integrate with other software or web services, enhancing their functionality and connectivity.

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What is the main advantage of using SaaS in terms of installation?

SaaS services do not require users to install any software on their machines. All the processing happens on the service provider's servers, enabling instant access and reducing setup time.

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Study Notes

Cloud Computing

  • Cloud computing is a network or internet-based system
  • Cloud computing provides services over public or private networks
  • Cloud computing applications include email, web conferencing, and customer relationship management
  • Cloud computing enables manipulation, configuration, and access of hardware and software resources remotely
  • It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application resources
  • Cloud computing platforms are independent of software, as it's not needed locally on a computer
  • Cloud computing is a model for convenient, on-demand network access to configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort
  • Benefits include low cost, as users do not need high-powered computers, and unlimited storage capacity, requiring only internet connectivity

Distributed Systems

  • A distributed system is a collection of multiple, independent computers that communicate over a network
  • These computers work together to achieve a shared goal, sharing resources, data, and tasks
  • Common architectures include client-server (servers provide resources, clients request them) and peer-to-peer (each node acts as both client and server)
  • Three-tier architecture has layers for presentation, application, and data
  • Microservices architecture uses independent services for specific functions, communicating through networks
  • Service-oriented architecture (SOA) organizes functions as services, typically with an enterprise service bus (ESB)
  • Event-driven architecture uses components that interact through events, triggering specific actions
  • Distributed systems have advantages like scalability, reliability, performance, and resource sharing
  • Disadvantages include security concerns, the lack of existing software for distributed systems, potential network saturation, and managing databases
  • Examples of use cases are financial services, social media, cloud computing

Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0

  • Web 1.0 was focused on fetching and reading information with few content creators and many consumers
  • Web 2.0 was an enhanced social Web, emphasizing reading, writing, creating, and interacting with the end user
  • Web 3.0 is the next generation, envisioned as a decentralized web, focused on reading, writing, and owning
  • Web 1.0 features include static pages, server-side includes, and common gateway interface (CGI)
  • Web 2.0 features include dynamic content, user interaction, and APIs
  • Web 3.0 features are envisioned as semantic web and artificial intelligence integration, including natural language processing

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of distributed systems, including fault tolerance, transparency, and scalability. This quiz covers the characteristics, advantages, and challenges associated with distributed computing. Perfect for computer science students looking to reinforce their understanding of the subject.

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