Traumatic Brain Injury Nursing Care Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the mortality rate for ischemic stroke?

  • 45%
  • 35% (correct)
  • 30%
  • 20%

    • Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for stroke?

  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • Regular exercise (correct)

    • What is a prevention measure for stroke?

  • Anti-inflammatory medication
  • Antipsychotic medication
  • Anti-coagulation for atrial fibrillation (correct)
  • Antibiotic therapy

    • What is a management step for stroke?

    <p>CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk of tPA administration in stroke management?

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 30-day mortality rate for hemorrhagic stroke?

    <p>40-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of trauma care?

    <p>Prevent oxygen supply-demand mismatch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for interventions in trauma care?

    <p>The golden hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the pre-hospital resuscitation in trauma care?

    <p>Immediate stabilization and transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the in-hospital care in trauma management?

    <p>Primary survey (ABC's)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are trauma complications?

    <p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the resuscitation phase of trauma care?

    <p>Fluid resuscitation with crystalloids, colloids, and blood products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering Naloxone in the context of motor responses to pain assessment?

    <p>To reverse narcotic-induced pinpoint pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is recommended for seizure prophylaxis in the management of brain injury?

    <p>IV Keppra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating cranial nerves and reflexes in monitoring a patient's neurological status?

    <p>To assess the patient's response to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for functions such as reasoning, planning, and problem-solving?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Monro-Kellie Hypothesis explain?

    <p>The relationship between intracranial components and compensatory mechanisms for increased intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Cushing’s triad and brainstem herniation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculation important in head injury management?

    <p>It helps in determining adequate cerebral blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of cerebral blood flow to changes in metabolic rate, acidosis, and alkalosis known as?

    <p>Autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of managing brain injury?

    <p>Preventing hypotension and hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain adequate perfusion and oxygenation in brain injury cases?

    <p>To prevent cerebral ischemia and optimize outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of head injury may result in profuse bleeding and require direct pressure to control bleeding?

    <p>Scalp lacerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skull fracture may require surgery?

    <p>Depressed skull fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in bruising to the brain's surface, with varying degrees of edema and visual disturbances?

    <p>Contusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may diffuse axonal injury result in?

    <p>Coma and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infections require specific diagnostic and treatment approaches?

    <p>Meningitis and brain abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur as a secondary effect of various brain injuries?

    <p>Brain swelling or edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hematoma may require immediate surgical intervention in some cases?

    <p>Epidural hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may arteriovenous malformations result in?

    <p>Hemorrhagic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cerebral aneurysms present with?

    <p>Specific symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nursing care for patients with traumatic brain injuries involve?

    <p>Monitoring for neuro changes, hemorrhage prevention, symptom management, and lifestyle modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complications should be monitored and managed in patients with traumatic brain injuries?

    <p>Vasospasm, hyponatremia, and neurogenic pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transient, reversible alteration in brain functioning?

    <p>Concussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest possible score on the Glasgow Coma Scale consistent with brain death?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fixed and dilated pupils typically indicate in the context of head injury?

    <p>Brainstem injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of over 90mmHg in head injury cases?

    <p>Prevent cerebral hypoperfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal range for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

    <p>70-80 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for the patient's head in terms of degrees to maintain intracranial pressure (ICP) below 20-25 mmHg?

    <p>30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is recommended for treating hypertension in the context of elevated intracranial pressure?

    <p>IV Hydralazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hyperventilation on cerebral vasculature?

    <p>Constricts cerebral vasculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of catheter is specific to the area of brain injury and is usually used for large bleeds in monitoring intracranial pressure?

    <p>Fiber-optic catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mannitol in reducing intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Reducing metabolic demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of mannitol for reducing intracranial pressure?

    <p>0.25-2 g/kg body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hypertonic agents in managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>Increase serum osmolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neurologic assessment in the context of anticonvulsant therapy?

    <p>Assess for changes in ICP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal serum sodium level when using hyperosmolar therapy to manage intracranial pressure?

    <p>145-150 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended range for normal intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>15-25 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of barbiturate coma in the context of managing elevated intracranial pressure?

    <p>Reduce cerebral blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest score one can have on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of death during an accident, according to the text?

    <p>Axons being sheared from cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fixed and dilated pupils usually indicate?

    <p>Brainstem injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) to be maintained with fluids, as per the text?

    <p>90mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended range for serum osmolarity when managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>300-320 or serum sodium to 145-150mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Mannitol in reducing intracranial pressure?

    <p>Pulling water from cerebral cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of using hypertonic agents in managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>Increasing cerebral perfusion pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is normocapnia essential in respiratory support for managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>To avoid hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are steroids like Decadron not recommended by Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines?

    <p>They are associated with adverse metabolic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration for anticonvulsants in brain injury management?

    <p>Their metabolic needs for paralyzed patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is barbiturate coma used in managing elevated intracranial pressure?

    <p>As a last resort for severe refractory elevated ICP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defined range for hypertension in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP) when managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>SBP&gt;185 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the management of intracranial pressure?

    <p>Continuous monitoring of ICP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing implication for managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>Frequent neuro exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of opioids and sedatives in managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>Lowering ICP and relieving anxiety and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration for blood pressure management in the context of intracranial pressure?

    <p>Avoiding hypertension and arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary injury mechanism that leads to axonal shearing from cell bodies, resulting in death during accidents?

    <p>Rotational forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest possible score on the Glasgow Coma Scale, which is consistent with brain death?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fixed and dilated pupils usually indicate in the context of head injury?

    <p>Brainstem injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim when assessing head injuries in terms of C-Spine?

    <p>To ensure secure airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following head injuries may result in profuse bleeding and require direct pressure to control bleeding?

    <p>Scalp lacerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skull fracture may require surgery?

    <p>Depressed skull fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in the case of diffuse axonal injury?

    <p>Coma and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may brain stem contusion lead to?

    <p>Posturing and variable vital signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may require immediate surgical intervention in some cases?

    <p>Subdural hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may arteriovenous malformations result in?

    <p>Hemorrhagic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of nursing care for patients with traumatic brain injuries?

    <p>Monitoring for neuro changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication that should be monitored and managed in patients with traumatic brain injuries?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are infections such as meningitis and brain abscess in need of?

    <p>Specific diagnostic and treatment approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur as a secondary effect of various brain injuries?

    <p>Brain swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specific diagnostic and treatment approach required for cerebral aneurysms?

    <p>Surgical clipping and endovascular techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of trauma care for patients with traumatic brain injuries?

    <p>Preventing complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time frame for interventions in trauma care?

    <p>Within 60 minutes of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of pre-hospital resuscitation in trauma care?

    <p>Immediate stabilization and transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 30-day mortality rate range for hemorrhagic stroke?

    <p>40-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of management during the resuscitation phase of trauma care?

    <p>Fluid resuscitation with crystalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk associated with tPA administration in stroke management?

    <p>Intracranial hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of prevention strategies for stroke?

    <p>Minimizing risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of in-hospital care in trauma management?

    <p>Tertiary survey on admission to the ICU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk of using anti-coagulation for atrial fibrillation in stroke prevention?

    <p>Intracranial hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in the management of shock states in trauma care?

    <p>Optimizing organ perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with the use of birth control pills in relation to stroke?

    <p>Hypercoagulability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary imaging modality for early recognition in stroke management?

    <p>CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in the prevention of stroke related to atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Anti-coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause of changes in the context of brain injury assessment?

    <p>Atropine for bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT typically administered for status epilepticus in the context of brain injury management?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of head trauma mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for functions such as reasoning, planning, and problem-solving?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of cerebral edema mentioned in the text?

    <p>Vasogenic edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of increased intracranial pressure mentioned in the text?

    <p>Tachypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for calculating cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

    <p>$CPP = MAP - ICP$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following responses to changes in metabolic rate affects autoregulation of cerebral blood flow?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of managing cerebral edema in brain injury cases?

    <p>Reducing intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of managing brain injury in relation to perfusion and oxygenation?

    <p>Preventing hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Monro-Kellie Hypothesis primarily concerned with?

    <p>Compensatory mechanisms for increased intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the brain anatomy mentioned in the text?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose range for Mannitol bolus infusion in brain injury patients?

    <p>0.25 to 2.5 g/kg body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of hypertonic saline solutions in managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>To increase serum sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended range for pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in respiratory support for managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>$35-40$ mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of using CNS depressants in brain injury patients?

    <p>To increase intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the controversial aspect of using steroids (Decadron) in brain injury treatment?

    <p>Their potential to worsen outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering anticonvulsants in brain injury patients?

    <p>To prevent and manage seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in brain injury management?

    <p>To maintain adequate blood flow to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for the patient's head in terms of degrees to maintain intracranial pressure (ICP) below 20-25 mmHg?

    <p>HOB $&lt; 30$ degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of blood pressure management in brain injury patients?

    <p>To avoid hypotension and arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary methods for monitoring intracranial pressure in brain injury patients?

    <p>Ventriculostomy catheter and fiber-optic monitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for calculating cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

    <p>CPP = MAP - ICP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing implication to prevent hypoxemia and hypotension in brain injury patients?

    <p>HOB $&gt; 30$ degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose range for mannitol bolus infusion in brain injury patients?

    <p>0.5 to 1.5 g/kg body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended range for maintaining intracranial pressure (ICP) in brain injury patients?

    <p>20-25 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using hypertonic saline solutions in managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>To increase serum sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key nursing implication for managing intracranial pressure in brain injury patients?

    <p>Prevent hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended range for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in brain injury patients?

    <p>50-60 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of using barbiturate coma in brain injury patients?

    <p>To reduce cerebral blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for blood pressure management in brain injury patients?

    <p>Avoiding hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of respiratory support in managing intracranial pressure?

    <p>To maintain normocapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of CNS depressants in brain injury patients?

    <p>To reduce brain activity and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of steroids (Decadron) in brain injury treatment?

    <p>To decrease intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication for nursing care in brain injury patients to prevent hypoxemia and hypotension?

    <p>Attention to fluid and electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of anticonvulsants in brain injury patients?

    <p>To prevent and manage seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Traumatic Brain Injury and Nursing Care Summary

    • Brain abnormalities can be categorized into primary head injuries, including scalp lacerations, skull fractures, and basilar fractures.
    • Scalp lacerations, the most common head injury, may result in profuse bleeding and require direct pressure to control bleeding.
    • Skull fractures can be simple (no bone displacement) or depressed (bone fragment depresses the skull thickness), with surgery required for depressed fractures.
    • Concussion is a transient, reversible alteration in brain functioning, and diffuse axonal injury usually results in coma and death.
    • Contusion results in bruising to the brain's surface, with varying degrees of edema and visual disturbances, and brain stem contusion may lead to posturing and variable vital signs.
    • Infections such as meningitis and brain abscess require specific diagnostic and treatment approaches.
    • Brain swelling or edema can occur as a secondary effect of various brain injuries.
    • Hematomas, including epidural and subdural hematomas, present specific symptoms and require immediate surgical intervention in some cases.
    • Arteriovenous malformations may result in a hemorrhagic stroke, and their detection and treatment methods are outlined.
    • Cerebral aneurysms may present with specific symptoms, and their diagnosis and treatment, including surgical clipping and endovascular techniques, are detailed.
    • Nursing care for patients with traumatic brain injuries involves monitoring for neuro changes, hemorrhage prevention, symptom management, and lifestyle modifications.
    • Complications such as vasospasm, hyponatremia, and neurogenic pulmonary edema should be monitored and managed in patients with traumatic brain injuries.

    Intracranial Pressure Management in Brain Injury

    • Avoid overhydration during treatment to restore adequate blood pressure and monitor urine output
    • Goal: Increase serum osmolarity to 300-320 or serum sodium to 145-150mmol/L
    • Mannitol: Bolus infusion over 10-30 minutes, dose 0.25 to 2 g/kg body weight, reduces ICP by pulling water from cerebral cells
    • Hypertonic agents induce hypernatremia to increase cerebral perfusion pressures and decrease ICP
    • Respiratory support: PEEP increases mean airway pressure, normocapnia is essential, avoid hyperventilation in the first 24 hours
    • CNS depressants like opioids and sedatives help lower ICP and relieve anxiety and pain
    • Steroids like Decadron remain controversial and not recommended by Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines
    • Anticonvulsants and metabolic needs for paralyzed and non-paralyzed patients are essential considerations
    • Barbiturate coma is used as a last resort for severe refractory elevated ICP
    • Blood pressure management: Hypertension defined as SBP>185 mmHg or DBP 110 mmHg, avoid hypotension and arrhythmias
    • Monitoring intracranial pressure: Continuous monitoring of ICP, CSF drainage, and CPP management
    • Summary of nursing implications: Frequent neuro exams, maintain ICP<20-25, prevent hypoxemia and hypotension, pre-sedate before procedures, attention to fluid & electrolyte balance, treat fever

    Trauma Care and Management Summary

    • Ischemic stroke has a 35% mortality rate, with 40% occurring in people under 60 years
    • Risk factors for stroke include HTN, smoking, obesity, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, DM, cancer, and use of BC pills
    • Prevention of stroke includes anti-coagulation for atrial fibrillation and ASA
    • Management of stroke involves early recognition (FAST), CT scan, MRI, cerebral angiography, and IV thrombolytic (tPA) administration
    • Intracranial hemorrhage is a major risk of tPA administration
    • Hemorrhagic stroke has a 30-day mortality rate of 40-80%
    • Trauma care aims to avoid oxygen supply-demand mismatch, optimize organ perfusion, and manage shock states
    • The "golden hour" is crucial for interventions in trauma care
    • Pre-hospital resuscitation includes immediate stabilization and transportation, with a primary survey including ABC's
    • In-hospital care involves a primary survey (ABC's), secondary survey (detailed head-to-toe assessment), and tertiary survey on admission to the ICU
    • Trauma complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, shock states, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
    • Resuscitation phase of trauma care involves fluid resuscitation with crystalloids, colloids, and blood products; definitive care/operative phase includes damage control resuscitation and surgical management by organ system

    Motor Responses to Pain: Assessment and Management of Brain Injury

    • Assessment of reversible causes of changes: Dextrose 50% for hypoglycemia, Oxygen 100% for hypoxemia, Naloxone for narcotic-induced pinpoint pupils, and Thiamine with fluids for alcohol withdrawal
    • Consider seizure prophylaxis and administer IV Keppra, lorazepam, and Valium for status epilepticus; intubation and propofol drip for further treatment
    • Focused physical assessment includes signs of head trauma like Battle’s sign, raccoon eyes, facial bone fractures, and scalp lacerations
    • Evaluation of cranial nerves and reflexes to monitor the patient's neurological status and response to stimuli
    • Anatomy of the brain includes the functions of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem, and amygdala
    • Monro-Kellie Hypothesis explains the relationship between intracranial components and compensatory mechanisms for increased intracranial pressure
    • Clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure include Cushing’s triad and brainstem herniation
    • Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculation and its importance in head injury management
    • Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and its response to changes in metabolic rate, acidosis, and alkalosis
    • Types of cerebral edema including vasogenic and cytotoxic edema with their respective causes and implications
    • Management of brain injury focuses on preventing hypotension and hypoxemia, maintaining adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP), and managing cerebral edema
    • Importance of maintaining adequate perfusion and oxygenation to prevent cerebral ischemia and optimize outcomes in brain injury cases

    Intracranial Pressure Management in Brain Injury Patients

    • Avoid overhydration when restoring blood pressure
    • Mannitol bolus infusion over 10-30 minutes, dose 0.25 to 2 g/kg body weight
    • Hypertonic saline solutions 3%-23.4% to increase serum sodium
    • Respiratory support: PEEP, normocapnia (pCO2 35-45) essential
    • CNS depressants: opioid sedatives, short-acting opioids, sedatives, neuromuscular blocking agents
    • Steroids (Decadron) remain controversial in brain injury treatment
    • Anticonvulsants for frequent and routine neurologic assessment
    • Barbiturate coma for severe refractory elevated ICP
    • Blood pressure management: hypertension defined, avoid hypotension and arrhythmias
    • Monitoring intracranial pressure: ventriculostomy catheter, fiber-optic monitors, ICP waveforms
    • Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculation and maintenance
    • Nursing implications: hourly neuro exam, HOB > 30 degrees, maintain ICP < 20-25, prevent hypoxemia and hypotension, attention to fluid and electrolyte balance, treat fever

    Intracranial Pressure Management in Brain Injury Patients

    • Avoid overhydration when restoring blood pressure
    • Mannitol bolus infusion over 10-30 minutes, dose 0.25 to 2 g/kg body weight
    • Hypertonic saline solutions 3%-23.4% to increase serum sodium
    • Respiratory support: PEEP, normocapnia (pCO2 35-45) essential
    • CNS depressants: opioid sedatives, short-acting opioids, sedatives, neuromuscular blocking agents
    • Steroids (Decadron) remain controversial in brain injury treatment
    • Anticonvulsants for frequent and routine neurologic assessment
    • Barbiturate coma for severe refractory elevated ICP
    • Blood pressure management: hypertension defined, avoid hypotension and arrhythmias
    • Monitoring intracranial pressure: ventriculostomy catheter, fiber-optic monitors, ICP waveforms
    • Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculation and maintenance
    • Nursing implications: hourly neuro exam, HOB > 30 degrees, maintain ICP < 20-25, prevent hypoxemia and hypotension, attention to fluid and electrolyte balance, treat fever

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of traumatic brain injury and nursing care with this informative quiz. Learn about primary head injuries, brain abnormalities, and the specific nursing care required for patients with traumatic brain injuries. Gain insights into monitoring neuro changes, preventing hemorrhage, managing symptoms, and addressing potential complications.

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