Trastornos Frontotemporales en Clínica

A group of symptoms causing significant cognitive and/or behavioral impairment interfering with daily activities, independent of altered consciousness.

Age is a significant risk factor for dementia.

Certain cognitive functions (processing speed, inhibition, memory) decrease with age.

Verbal and working memory often remain intact in older adults with good health.

Normal aging may impact some cognitive functions, but dementia involves more severe impairments.

A grey area between normal cognitive function and early-stage dementia.

Medical interviews, cognitive screenings, and neuropsychological evaluations are used to detect cognitive issues early on.

Dementia can result from various medical conditions, including neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), endocrine issues, infectious diseases, and cancers.

A neurocognitive disorder characterized by a mild cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains, but without impacting daily functioning. It's not severe enough to be considered dementia.

Different types of MCI, categorized by the cognitive domains affected: amnestic, multi-domain, and single-domain non-amnestic.

MCI primarily affecting memory, with difficulties recalling information. A risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

MCI affecting multiple cognitive domains, besides memory, like language, attention, and executive functions.

MCI affecting a specific cognitive domain other than memory, for example, language or attention.

Tests used to assess cognitive abilities and classify MCI subtypes, to distinguish it from Dementia.

A progressive decline in cognitive functions that affects daily life.

Mental processes or abilities, such as memory, language, concentration and judgment, involved in the ability to think, learn and solve problems.

Evaluates difficulties in daily life situations requiring planning and multiple tasks. Patient performs multiple tasks over time with subtle planning and prospective memory, without feedback.

A form of frontotemporal dementia characterized by disinhibition, social awareness loss, and specific behavioral changes (hyperoral, compulsive).

A frontotemporal dementia form marked by apathy, lack of spontaneity, flat affect, and diminished interest in daily activities, social withdrawal.

A test that assesses the ability to interpret emotions from eye region images.

Behaviors including excessive eating of sweets, obsession with specific foods, or unusual eating habits.

Detailed characteristics defining a concept (e.g., color, shape, sound).

Patients lose access to specific attributes, hindering descriptions and comparisons of similar concepts.

Characterized by difficulties in speech production due to frontal and insular atrophy, affecting motor areas of speech.

Smooth speech but with pauses and word-finding issues. Associated with left temporo-parietal atrophy.

Inability to name things due to word retrieval issues.

A method for distinguishing between fluent and non-fluent aphasias, assessing comprehension and repetition.

Assessment tool used to evaluate language abilities in different types of aphasia.

Difficulty producing complex sentence structures, often omitting function words and having trouble with verb conjugations.

Schizophrenia involves a range of cognitive impairments including perceived, inferential/logical thinking, language, communication, behavioral monitoring, motivation, initiative and attention issues related to the disorder. Attention and working memory impairments precede, and persist beyond a psychotic episode.

Reduced language fluency and social/occupational dysfunction are symptoms of schizophrenia often characterized by poverty of speech and impaired social and occupational functioning.

Depression can be a reaction to perceived cognitive decline. It's also linked to high cortisol levels, which could cause neuronal death, affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and causing hippocampal atrophy, thereby impacting cognitive function.

Depression can significantly affect attention, impacting various mental processes.

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia stem from neural dysfunction, not neurodegeneration, a key difference from many other neurodegenerative disorders.

Social cognitive deficits can be early warning signs for psychosis and targeted for preventive intervention.

Depression and cognitive decline are seen frequently together. They can occur in tandem or one can cause the other.

Schizophrenia is a spectrum disorder encompassing deficits in attention, memory, language, executive function, and social cognition.

Dementia caused by cerebrovascular damage, such as strokes, mini-strokes, or white matter damage.

A milder form of cognitive decline caused by problems in blood vessels to the brain.

Test to evaluate language skills, commonly used in diagnosing and monitoring language impairments.

Small strokes that affect a specific area of the brain.

A disruption in brain blood supply, potentially leading to dementia.

Dementia caused by a stroke in a critical brain area.

Dementia caused by many small strokes.

A decrease in cognitive abilities, like memory, reasoning, or language.