Dementia

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Which of the following is a motor feature commonly seen in patients exhibiting Parkinsonian movements?

Enhanced cognitive abilities
Rigidity (correct)
Increased energy levels
Rapid speech

What type of neurodegeneration is primarily associated with Behavioural-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia?

Accumulation of abnormal tau protein (correct)
Insulin resistance in the brain
Decrease in amyloid plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles in occipital lobe

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Behavioural-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia?

Memory deficits (correct)
Preference for sweets
Repetitive behaviors
Lack of insight

Which behavioral symptom may be present in patients with Behavioural-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia?

Emotional rigidity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes mild cognitive impairment?

Some deficits upon testing but not severe enough to cause problems in day-to-day living (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive abilities are likely to show declines in life-long processing speed?

Working memory (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does subjective cognitive decline refer to?

An experience of cognitive decline without objective impairment (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age do thinking skills typically peak, according to normal age-related cognitive decline?

Twenties to thirties (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the diagnostic criteria for subjective cognitive decline?

Evidence of objective cognitive impairment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is projected to progress to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

27% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a predictor of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

Low socioeconomic status (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary management approach for individuals diagnosed with SCD?

Reassurance about normal cognition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals over 65 are estimated to experience Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

11-17% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

Cognitive decline not evident in functional tasks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of individuals with MCI who develop dementia within five years?

45% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about dementia is true?

It affects cognitive or behavioral functionality, leading to decline. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a feature of the diagnostic criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

Significant impairment in daily functioning. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which non-pharmacological intervention has shown significant improvement for individuals with MCI?

Cognitive training programs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which group is predicted to have a higher risk of converting from MCI to dementia?

Individuals with MCI and depression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most significant risk factors for dementia?

Previous/repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of dementia typically has an insidious onset after the age of 65?

Alzheimer's Disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a protective factor against dementia?

Mediterranean diet (D) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the cognitive pattern of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) from Alzheimer's Disease (AD)?

VCI typically presents with a frontosubcortical pattern of deficits (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of Alzheimer's Disease?

Difficulty with movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the characteristic neuroanatomical changes found in Alzheimer's Disease?

Presence of senile/amyloid plaques (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Dementia with Lewy Bodies?

Visual hallucinations are a common feature. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive dysfunction is the first symptom typically associated with Alzheimer's Disease?

Memory impairment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of decline is often associated with Vascular Cognitive Impairment?

Step-wise decline often associated with strokes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common comorbidity found with Alzheimer's Disease?

Cerebrovascular pathology (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of deficits are typically seen in dementia with Lewy Bodies?

Visuospatial deficits (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factors can influence the modification of dementia risk?

Years of formal education and physical activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the diagnosis process for Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer's clinical syndrome is noted until plaques are confirmed. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between mild cognitive impairment and dementia?

Dementia involves objective cognitive deficits impacting daily living. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents normal age-related cognitive decline?

Processing speed typically begins to decline significantly during middle age. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What factors could contribute to subjective cognitive decline in individuals over 60 years old?

Increased media coverage on dementia and societal attitudes toward aging. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive abilities remain stable throughout an individual's life, despite the aging process?

Autobiographical memory and procedural memory. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Dementia

Cognitive impairments severe enough to impact daily life.

Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cognitive deficits noticeable on testing, but not interfering with daily life.