Transmission of Diseases: Routes and Principles
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Questions and Answers

What are the three principal routes of disease transmission according to the text?

  • Airborne, waterborne, and foodborne
  • Respiratory, digestive, and cutaneous
  • Contact, vehicles, and vectors (correct)
  • Vertical, horizontal, and zoonotic

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a 'vehicle' for disease transmission?

  • Contaminated water
  • Contaminated air (correct)
  • Contaminated surfaces
  • Contaminated food

    • What is a 'vector' in the context of disease transmission?

  • A method or pathway by which a disease can spread, such as through the air or by touch
  • A non-living object or substance that carries and transmits an infectious agent
  • A living organism that carries and transmits an infectious agent to another living organism (correct)
  • A person who is infected with a disease and can transmit it to others

    • Which of the following is an example of a 'contact' mode of disease transmission?

    <p>Touching a contaminated surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a principal route of disease transmission?

    <p>Airborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first exception to Koch's Postulates described in the text?

    <p>The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's Postulates?

    <p>The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Koch's Postulates?

    <p>To establish that a particular microorganism is the cause of a specific disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the original Koch's Postulates?

    <p>The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the exceptions to Koch's Postulates?

    <p>To provide alternative ways to establish causation when the original postulates cannot be fully met</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases can be found in saliva?

    <p>Rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another disease mentioned to be present in saliva?

    <p>Mumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a pathogen found in saliva?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saliva can potentially transmit which of the following diseases?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease mentioned in the text is NOT typically transmitted through saliva?

    <p>Tetanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered one of the three principal routes of disease transmission according to the text?

    <p>Airborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'vector' in the context of disease transmission according to the text?

    <p>A living organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Koch's Postulates mentioned in the text?

    <p>To establish a causal relationship between a microorganism and a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is mentioned in the text as being potentially transmissible through saliva?

    <p>Rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first exception to Koch's Postulates described in the text?

    <p>Some microorganisms cannot be isolated or grown in a laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first exception to Koch's Postulates described in the text?

    <p>The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a principal route of disease transmission?

    <p>Vehicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the exceptions to Koch's Postulates?

    <p>To provide alternative criteria for establishing causation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the original Koch's Postulates?

    <p>The pathogen must be the most common cause of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'vector' in the context of disease transmission?

    <p>A living organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens can be found in saliva?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the genitourinary tract in the context of disease transmission?

    <p>Principal route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principal route of disease transmission mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about saliva is true based on the information provided?

    <p>Saliva can contain pathogens that cause certain viral diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which of the following is NOT a disease that can be transmitted through saliva?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the disease agent mentioned coughed up and eventually carried to?

    <p>The small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'exceptions to Koch's Postulates' mentioned in the text?

    <p>To allow for more flexible interpretation of disease causation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a 'principal route of disease transmission' according to the text?

    <p>Airborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used in the text to describe the mode of disease transmission involving a 'vector'?

    <p>Vectorborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a principal route of disease transmission according to the text?

    <p>Genitourinary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can form in the throat due to diphtheriae, potentially blocking the passage of air?

    <p>A membrane containing fibrin and dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are present in the membrane that forms in the throat due to diphtheriae?

    <p>Both human and bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the membrane that forms in the throat due to diphtheriae?

    <p>Fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance plays a crucial role in potentially blocking the air passage in diphtheriae infection?

    <p>Fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can the membrane formed in the throat due to diphtheriae have on breathing?

    <p>Completely block the passage of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) spikes in influenza viruses?

    <p>H spikes are used for attachment to host cells, and N spikes are used to release virus from cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are viral strains of influenza identified?

    <p>By both antigenic differences in the H and N spikes, and their protein coats (A, B, and C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the letters A, B, and C represent in the context of influenza virus classification?

    <p>Antigenic differences in the protein coats of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about influenza viruses is true based on the information provided?

    <p>The H and N spikes project from the outer lipid bilayer of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hemagglutinin (H) spikes in influenza viruses?

    <p>To facilitate attachment to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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