Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used for a grammatical item expressed using a word in the target language?
What is the term used for a grammatical item expressed using a word in the target language?
- Category shifts
- Structural shifts
- Intra-system shifts
- Level shifts (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a type of category shift?
Which of the following is NOT a type of category shift?
- Class shifts
- Structure shifts
- Unit shifts
- Lexical shifts (correct)
What type of shift involves changes in grammatical structures during translation?
What type of shift involves changes in grammatical structures during translation?
- Class shifts
- Unit shifts
- Structure shifts (correct)
- Level shifts
Which translation shift describes changing the class of a word?
Which translation shift describes changing the class of a word?
When translating ' ” أﻓﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻘﺪرة ﻋﻨﺪه', which of the following is an example of a level shift?
When translating ' ” أﻓﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻘﺪرة ﻋﻨﺪه', which of the following is an example of a level shift?
How is translation defined in the provided content?
How is translation defined in the provided content?
Which of the following best describes the focus of translation?
Which of the following best describes the focus of translation?
What can be inferred about the process of translation from the definition given?
What can be inferred about the process of translation from the definition given?
What are the three fields of linguistics associated with translation according to Catford?
What are the three fields of linguistics associated with translation according to Catford?
What is the primary action involved in translation according to the definition provided?
What is the primary action involved in translation according to the definition provided?
How did Catford define General Linguistics?
How did Catford define General Linguistics?
Which statement is least aligned with the given definition of translation?
Which statement is least aligned with the given definition of translation?
Which of the following is NOT one of the fields of linguistics mentioned by Catford?
Which of the following is NOT one of the fields of linguistics mentioned by Catford?
In which of the following contexts did Catford associate translation?
In which of the following contexts did Catford associate translation?
What key aspect does general linguistics primarily focus on according to Catford?
What key aspect does general linguistics primarily focus on according to Catford?
What did Catford introduce in 1965 that significantly influenced translation theory?
What did Catford introduce in 1965 that significantly influenced translation theory?
According to Leonardi's reference, what aspect is highlighted about Catford's work?
According to Leonardi's reference, what aspect is highlighted about Catford's work?
What major aspect did Catford's translation shifts pertain to?
What major aspect did Catford's translation shifts pertain to?
How is Catford's contribution to translation theory best described?
How is Catford's contribution to translation theory best described?
In what year did Catford introduce his notion of translation shifts?
In what year did Catford introduce his notion of translation shifts?
What is the primary goal of translation shifts as described by Larson?
What is the primary goal of translation shifts as described by Larson?
According to Larson, what must be considered in the translation process?
According to Larson, what must be considered in the translation process?
What does Larson imply about the relationship between lexicon and meaning in translation?
What does Larson imply about the relationship between lexicon and meaning in translation?
What aspect of translation does Larson's definition primarily focus on?
What aspect of translation does Larson's definition primarily focus on?
In the process of translation shifts, what is reconstructed according to Larson?
In the process of translation shifts, what is reconstructed according to Larson?
What does the Arabic word 'كَيْف' translate to in English?
What does the Arabic word 'كَيْف' translate to in English?
Which of the following best exemplifies a change in the units of language?
Which of the following best exemplifies a change in the units of language?
Which of the following language units includes 'words' as a part?
Which of the following language units includes 'words' as a part?
What does the Arabic sentence illustrate through its translation?
What does the Arabic sentence illustrate through its translation?
In the translated sentence, what is the meaning of 'hatred, ugliness, and evil'?
In the translated sentence, what is the meaning of 'hatred, ugliness, and evil'?
Flashcards
Translation
Translation
The act of transferring something from one place or form to another.
Translation Process
Translation Process
A text in one language is exchanged for an equivalent text in another language.
Text
Text
A sequence of words, phrases, or sentences that convey meaning.
Language
Language
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Substitution
Substitution
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General Linguistics
General Linguistics
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Comparative Linguistics
Comparative Linguistics
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Applied Linguistics
Applied Linguistics
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Catford's View on Translation
Catford's View on Translation
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Translation Shifts
Translation Shifts
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Catford's Translation Shifts Theory
Catford's Translation Shifts Theory
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Types of Translation Shifts
Types of Translation Shifts
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Translation Theory
Translation Theory
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Catford's Contribution to Translation Theory
Catford's Contribution to Translation Theory
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Receptor Language
Receptor Language
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Receptor Language Culture
Receptor Language Culture
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Lexicon
Lexicon
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Grammatical Structure
Grammatical Structure
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Structure Shift
Structure Shift
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Class Shift
Class Shift
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Unit Shift
Unit Shift
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Intra-system Shift
Intra-system Shift
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Level Shift
Level Shift
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Substitution Shift
Substitution Shift
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Expansion Shift
Expansion Shift
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Reduction Shift
Reduction Shift
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Category Shift
Category Shift
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Study Notes
Catford's Translation Shifts
- Catford (1965) viewed translation as an operation on languages, a process of substituting one language text for another.
- Translation theory is primarily a branch of linguistic theory, focusing on language interactions during translation.
- Catford's general linguistic theory of translation posits that any translation theory must be rooted in a broader theory of language.
Level Shifts
- Catford defined level shifts as instances where a source language (SL) element at one linguistic level has a target language (TL) equivalent at a different level.
- Grammatical elements in the source language can be translated into lexical items in the target language, and vice versa.
- Examples given in the text include the translation of "أفعالي كلها مقدرة عنده" (all my actions have been preordained by him), where the Arabic word "مقدرة" (preordained) is translated into the English grammatical structure "have been preordained."
Category Shifts
- Catford's category shifts were categorized into structure, class, unit, and intra-system shifts
- Catford's classification of translation procedures also aligns with the work of Vinay and Darbelnet, particularly in the area of 'transposition'.
Structure Shifts
- Structure shifts involve alterations in grammatical structure (such as word order) within a sentence or clause.
- The Arabic sentence "قال صديقي في شماتة" (My friend spoke gloatingly), showcases a word order shift, with the verb in the Arabic sentence preceding the subject, which is reversed in the English translation.
Class Shifts
- Class shifts involve a change in part of speech without altering the meaning.
- An example is the translation of the Arabic noun "الجدل" (argument) into the English verb "to argue."
Unit Shifts
- Unit shifts involve alterations in the units of language.
- Changes in the level of language from words to phrases, sentences or clauses are seen as unit shifts
- For example, the Arabic phrase "كيف يخلق الكراهية والقبح والشر؟" (how then did it come that he created hatred, ugliness, and evil?) was translated into a longer clause, not a single word.
Intra-system Shifts
- Intra-system shifts occur when the translation selects a non-corresponding term in the target language system.
- These shifts are common in plural-singular, definite-indefinite, or gender-specific translations.
- For example, the Arabic plural "براهين" (evidence) becomes the singular "evidence," in the English translation.
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Description
This quiz explores Catford's concepts of translation shifts, specifically focusing on level and category shifts. Understand the implications of these shifts and how they relate to translation as a linguistic operation. Perfect for students wanting to grasp the foundations of translation theory.
