Translation Studies and Tourist Texts

The academic field that studies translating and translation products.

The skill to generate & select appropriate target translations for specific purposes & readers.

Texts promoting a location, its attractions, services, and facilities for tourism.

Original text to be translated.

Translated version of the source text.

Communicates facts and knowledge

Aims to persuade or encourage action.

Translation between two different languages.

Rewording within the same language (e.g., different styles).

Translation between different sign systems (e.g., text to image).

Different kinds of translation, including intrapersonal, interlingual, and intersemiotic.

Communication that provides facts or knowledge.

Communication intended to persuade or prompt action.

Important variable to consider when translating, considering who the target reader is.

The goal of the translation project.

English and Italian texts often differ in formality, with English usually more informal and Italian more formal.

Translation between two different languages.

Factors influencing a translation, including audience, medium, text type, and purpose.

A branch of translation studies focusing on describing and explaining translation phenomena, aiming at generating principles, theories, and models to predict translations.

A sub-branch of Pure TS focusing on analyzing existing translations for patterns and broader insights, potentially including historical studies, functions & cognitive processes.

A sub-branch of Pure TS that develops theories and models explaining and predicting translating & translations.

A branch of translation studies focusing on practical applications of translation, including training, aids, and criticism.

A collective term encompassing research activities centered on translating and translation phenomena (Holmes, 1972).

General principles governing translation behavior, formulated by Toury (1995), which describe how a translation is created and is oriented.

To describe and explain translation phenomena while establishing general principles and predictions.

Holmes established Translation Studies as a distinctive field of academic research in the 1980s and introduced the distinction between Pure and Applied TS.

A translation approach that prioritizes word-for-word accuracy, often closely adhering to the source language structure.

Aims to preserve the original source text's features and the sender's intentions. It tries to ensure the translated text functions effectively in the target culture.

A translation approach emphasizing conveying the overall meaning and essence of the source text, adapting the target language for clarity and cultural context.

Aims to create a tool in the target language for a new communication between the source and target cultures, using aspects of the source text as a model.

Changes that occur during translation, often due to differences between languages or cultural contexts. These can affect words, sentence structures, or even entire concepts.

Closely follows the source text's linguistic elements, often considered a word-for-word translation.

General comparison of similar language structures between source and target languages.

Source text and translated text share the same functions in the target culture.

The aim of a translation to match the meaning of a source text in context in the target text.

Adaptation of the source text is slight, usually used for quotations to maintain a direct source, or for grammar and readability.

Cases where exact word-for-word translation is impossible because of ambiguities in the source language or loss of functional meaning.

Translation approach that does not strictly follow the word for word manner but rather seeks to preserve the language's tone and intended impact.

Stylistic effect of translation that can be perceived as being overly literal or unnatural in the target language.

A service that verbally describes visual elements in media like films, plays or museums for people with visual impairments.

Audio description for live performances, which may include audio guides for props or set designs.

Audio description service for museums; commonly includes layout, directional info and artwork descriptions.

Translation between different semiotic systems, like translating images or visual information into words.

Content that includes multiple modes or elements, such as images, sounds, and dialogue.

Handling and interpreting multimodal communication, balancing description, timing, and rhythms as visuals and sounds integrate.

A debate about requiring objectivity in audio descriptions in research, or using impartial language.

Audio description's origins started in Washington DC during the 1980s and spread through TV and music.

Translation aiming to replicate the original text's function in the target culture, adjusting to the target audience.

Translation that maintains the same function as the source text, often used for technical or instructional texts.

Translation altering the source text's function to fit the target audience's context, common in literature where contexts changed.

Translation preserving the source text's literary or cultural status, often in poetry or classic literature.

The purpose or goal of a translation project.

The theory that translation is an intentional action with a specific purpose.

The process of creating a translation to meet a specific purpose in the target culture.

The translated version of the source text.