Translation Studies and Tourist Texts
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Translation Studies and Tourist Texts

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Questions and Answers

What is Translation Studies?

A wide and varied area of enquiry having the study of translating and translation as its core.

What are the two skills involved in translation competence?

  • Ability to write in multiple languages
  • Ability to only translate documents
  • Ability to generate only one target text for a specified purpose and reader (correct)
  • Ability to generate target texts (correct)

    • Which of the following are types of tourist texts?

  • Guide books
  • Travel magazines
  • Websites
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Who produces tourist texts?

    <p>Tourist boards, city councils, and private enterprises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two communicative functions of tourist texts?

    <p>Persuasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of translation identified by Roman Jakobson?

    <p>Intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Translation is the process of converting text from a source language to a ______.

    <p>target language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stylistic convention in translating English tourist texts to Italian is usually informal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of instrumental translation?

    <p>It produces an instrument for new communicative interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Documentary translation adapts the source text to fit the target culture's functionality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of documentary translation.

    <p>Interlineal, Literal, or Philological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Instrumental translation can be classified into ______ types.

    <p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of translation with its description:

    <p>Interlineal = A word-for-word translation typical of encyclopedias Literal = A slight adaptation used primarily for quotations Philological = Maintains cultural elements and explains them to the target reader Homologous = Mirrors the source text in both structure and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What branch of Pure Translation Studies focuses on the development of theories and models?

    <p>Theoretical TS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Descriptive translation studies only analyze existing translations without context.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of process-oriented descriptive translation studies?

    <p>Investigating cognitive processes involved in translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Holmes proposed that Applied Translation Studies refer to ______ aspects.

    <p>practical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Theoretical TS = Aims at the evolution of principles and theories Descriptive TS = Analyzes translations and their socio-cultural impacts Applied TS = Focuses on translator training and aids Socio-translation Studies = Examines the context of translations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a goal of Pure Translation Studies?

    <p>To describe the phenomena of translating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    G. Toury proposed two 'laws' of translation behavior to explain translation practices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for studies focused on the socio-cultural impact of translation?

    <p>Socio-translation Studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Live Audio Description (AD) include?

    <p>Audio introductions and touch tours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Audio Description first originated in the U.K. in the 1980s.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legislation in the U.K. supported the expansion of Audio Description?

    <p>Broadcasting Act (1996) and Communication Act (2003)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AD falls under __________ translation, as it translates images into words.

    <p>intersemiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2010 European Parliament Audiovisual Media Services Directive recognized AD as a right for which group?

    <p>Visually impaired individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Audio Description element to its description:

    <p>Live AD = Includes audio introductions and touch tours Museum AD = Provides information on layout and artwork details Interlingual translation = Translation between different languages Multimodal content = Combines images, sounds, and dialogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describers must ensure that AD provides a complex web of information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge for describers in Audio Description?

    <p>To create a coherent and concise narrative from multimodal content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of instrumental translations?

    <p>To serve the same function as the original text in the target culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heterofunctional translation is characterized by maintaining the same function as the source text.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the intended purpose behind any translational action according to Skopos Theory?

    <p>skopos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Equifunctional translation is commonly applied to ______ texts or instructions.

    <p>technical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the translation types with their definitions:

    <p>Equifunctional Translation = Retains the same function as the source text Heterofunctional Translation = Changes the function to suit the target audience Homologous Translation = Respects the original's literary or cultural status Skopos Theory = Focuses on the purpose behind the translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of translation focuses on maintaining the original's literary status?

    <p>Homologous Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Norms and conventions in functional translation are not influenced by cultural expectations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does Vermeer’s Skopos Theory differ from traditional views of translation?

    <p>It emphasizes intention and purpose in translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tourist texts in English tends to be more informal?

    <p>Informative texts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Italian tourist texts often use the imperative mode to convey messages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of informative texts?

    <p>To convey information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The communicative function of texts that aims to persuade or prompt action is called ______.

    <p>appellative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following translation types with their definitions:

    <p>Intralingual = Rewording within the same language Interlingual = Translation between different languages Intersemiotic = Translation across different sign systems Literal = Translation following the exact wording</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When translating, which of the following variables should not be considered?

    <p>Translator's personal opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Italian readers may perceive the imperative as a polite request.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor should be taken into account regarding the audience when translating texts?

    <p>The audience's cultural background and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a literal translation prioritize?

    <p>Adherence to the source text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Free translation is always too far from the source language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two concepts that form the major polar split in translation theory?

    <p>Literal and free translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term used to describe changes that occur in the process of translating is called ______.

    <p>shifts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Formal correspondence = Comparison between language systems Textual equivalence = Matches the meaning of SL text in context Censorship = Cultural reason for shifts in translation Untranslatability = Inability to translate due to ambiguity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates a failure of a literal translation?

    <p>Machine Translation of 'chicken slices'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Linguistic untranslatability is only a concern when the source text is very simple.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'shifts' in translation?

    <p>J. Catford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Translation Studies (TS)

    • A wide and varied area of enquiry
    • Core focus on translating and the translation process
    • Translation is a process, translating is the action. Translation (s) is the end product.

    Translation Competence

    • Combination of two skills:
      • Ability to generate multiple target texts from a source text.
      • Ability to select one of those texts as the target text for a specified purpose and reader.

    Tourist Texts

    • Umbrella term for a variety of texts (guidebooks, travel magazines, websites, brochures, leaflets)
    • Produced by Tourist Boards, city councils, and private enterprises.
    • Used to promote a location, its attractions, services, and facilities.
    • Consist of various publications, including brochures, leaflets, magazines etc. which describe cultural, historical, and geographical interest points

    Language Domains in Tourist Texts

    • Architecture, history of art, history, geography, gastronomy, economy, sports, customs and traditions, music and dance.

    Communicative Functions (Reiss)

    • Tourist texts fulfill two functions:
      • Informative: providing facts, conveying information.
      • Appellative: persuading or prompting action.

    Translation

    • Three types, according to Roman Jakobson:
      • Intralingual: rewording/simplifying within the same language.
      • Interlingual: translating between two different languages.
      • Intersemiotic: translating between different sign systems (e.g., translating a written text into a visual form).

    Variables in Translation

    • Audience
    • Medium of transmission
    • Text type
    • Translation purpose

    Translation Studies as an Academic Field

    • A wide and varied area of enquiry
    • Studies of translation and translation products.
    • A distinct field of academic research for at least 60 years

    Translation Techniques

    • Literal translation (word-for-word)
    • Free translation (conveying the overall meaning/essence, adapting to the target culture)
    • Calque (directly translating components of a word/phrase from another language)
    • Transposition (changing an item from one language class to another class).
    • Modulation (changing the point of view or perspective)
    • Equivalence (finding an equivalent in the target language)
    • Adaptation (creating a new situation in the target culture that is equivalent to the situation in the source culture)

    Text Typology (Reiss)

    • Informative: plain communication of facts
    • Expressive: artistic shaping of content
    • Operative: inducing behavioral responses

    Types of Text in Translation

    • Expository: Explaining concepts, offering an objective account, includes narration and description.
    • Argumentative: Persuasive, defending theses or refuting counterarguments in detail.
    • Instructional: Guiding actions, providing directions for behaviour, with or without choices.

    Commentary Elements

    • Why the ST is being translated?
    • Who are the authors and the receivers?
    • When and where was the text produced and received?

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    Translation English 2 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of translation studies with a focus on tourist texts. This quiz examines the skills necessary for translation competence and the variety of materials used in promoting travel destinations. Learn how different language domains intersect in the realm of tourism.

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