30 Questions
What is the primary purpose of designing transgenic animals as models for human diseases?
To increase understanding of disease development
Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as having transgenic models for research purposes?
Diabetes
What biological product was produced by the transgenic cow named Rosie?
Human alpha-lactalbumin
Why are transgenic animals used in testing the safety of vaccines before human trials?
To reduce reliance on monkeys in testing
What is the main advantage of using transgenic animals to produce biological products over traditional methods?
Ability to produce specific human proteins
In what year did Rosie, the first transgenic cow, produce human protein-enriched milk?
1997
What is the main goal of gene therapy?
To introduce normal genes to correct a genetic defect
In gene therapy, what is the role of functional ADA cDNA introduced using a retroviral vector?
To compensate for the non-functional adenosine deaminase gene
How does gene therapy differ from enzyme replacement therapy?
Gene therapy involves introducing genes to correct genetic defects, while enzyme replacement therapy uses functional enzymes to treat diseases
What was the condition of the 4-year old girl who received the first clinical gene therapy in 1990?
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency patient
What is the term used to describe plants, bacteria, fungi, and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation?
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
What is the purpose of growing lymphocytes from the patient's blood in a culture outside the body during gene therapy?
To introduce functional ADA cDNA into the lymphocytes
How does gene therapy aim to address genetic defects in individuals or embryos?
By inserting normal genes to compensate for non-functional ones
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic modification mentioned in the text?
Promoting the growth of harmful bacteria
What is the role of Bt toxin in agriculture as mentioned in the text?
Decreasing reliance on chemical pesticides
What is one way in which genetically modified crops help with post-harvest losses?
By reducing post-harvest losses
Which industry can benefit from the creation of tailor-made plants by genetic modification?
Pharmaceutical industry
What type of rice is mentioned in the text as an example of enhanced nutritional value through genetic modification?
'Golden' rice
What is the purpose of toxicity/safety testing in chemical safety testing?
To study the effects of toxic substances on transgenic animals
Why are transgenic animals used in toxicity testing for chemical safety?
Because they can be made more sensitive to toxic substances
What potential problems can arise due to the introduction of genetically modified organisms into the ecosystem?
Unpredictable results in food and medicine sources
Why are ethical standards necessary in evaluating human activities related to living organisms?
To ensure the morality of actions that might harm or help living organisms
What is the role of GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) in India?
To make decisions on GM research validity and safety
What is one of the key issues with patents granted for living organisms used for public services?
Unpredictable results in food and medicine sources
What is biopiracy?
The exploitation of bio-resources without compensatory payment or proper authorization.
Which group of countries is typically rich financially but poor in biodiversity and traditional knowledge?
Industrialized nations
What is one way traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can be beneficial?
To save time, effort, and costs during commercialization of modern applications
What has led to the realization of injustice in benefit sharing between developed and developing countries?
Inadequate compensation and benefit sharing practices
What was recently cleared by the Indian Parliament to address issues related to bio-resource exploitation?
Second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill
How has biotechnology benefited humans according to the text?
It has given humans useful products utilizing microbes, plants, animals, and their metabolic machinery.
Explore the role of transgenic animals in studying how genes contribute to disease development and serving as models for human diseases. Learn about transgenic models for diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's.
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