Transgenic Animal Technologies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the term 'transgenic animal' coined to describe?

  • An animal with naturally occurring genetic modifications
  • An animal in which an exogenous gene was introduced into its genome (correct)
  • An animal with selective gene removal from the host genome
  • An animal with no genetic modifications

    • What is the primary requirement for creating a transgenic animal?

  • Recombinant DNA technology (correct)
  • Gene-targeting experimentation
  • Cloning technology
  • Genetic modification through breeding

    • What is the purpose of a DNA vector in transgenic animal technology?

  • To amplify the exogenous DNA
  • To remove unwanted genes from the host DNA
  • To modify the host DNA directly
  • To enable the molecule to be inserted into the host DNA (correct)

    • What technique is used for introducing exogenous DNA into the host DNA?

    <p>Microinjection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a transgenic animal have as a result of genetic modification?

    <p>Specific, targeted genetic modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what decade was the term 'transgenic' extended to gene-targeting experimentation and the production of 'knockout' mice?

    <p>1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a promoter in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To enable the gene to be expressed in the host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stop codons in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To signal the end of gene translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate tip diameter of the 'egg holding' pipette used in microinjection?

    <p>~60–70 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'knockout' mice refer to?

    <p>Mice in which a gene (or genes) has been selectively removed from the host genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biolistic method used for in plant genetic modification?

    <p>To shoot DNA-bound particles into plant tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Agrobacteria in genetic modification of plants?

    <p>To act as a vector for transporting foreign genes into plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetically modifying plants?

    <p>To improve plant properties and characteristics for agriculture and food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a cloned animal and a transgenic animal?

    <p>A transgenic animal bears a foreign gene, while a cloned animal is a replica of the parent animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana as test models in genetic modification research?

    <p>Well developed transformation methods, easy propagation, and well studied genomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the plant do the accelerated particles penetrate during the biolistic method?

    <p>Both the cell wall and membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tiny particles of gold or tungsten in the biolistic method?

    <p>To carry DNA and penetrate plant tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some possible traits of genetically modified plants?

    <p>Produce vaccines in their fruit, be resistant to disease and pests, require less fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides, have a higher nutritional value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of transgenesis in biotechnology?

    <p>Generating transgenic animals for medical and pharmaceutical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of transgenesis in plants and animals?

    <p>Improving plant properties and characteristics to solve problems related to agriculture and food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to deliver a picoliter volume of a gene into embryos?

    <p>Microinjection with a fine glass pipette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of DNA microinjection?

    <p>Positional effects and potential mutagenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer?

    <p>Limitations on foreign DNA insert size and potential for undesired genetic recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rigorously testing animals produced using DNA microinjection?

    <p>To confirm transgene presence in all cells and the production of the gene's protein product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transgenic animal models extensively used for?

    <p>Studying human diseases and assessing therapeutic applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ATryn?

    <p>The first transgenically produced therapeutic protein approved by the U.S. FDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does xenotransplantation involve?

    <p>The transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is xenotransplantation considered as a solution to?

    <p>The shortage of human donors for organ transplants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are animal cloning and transgenesis distinct?

    <p>Animal cloning results from nuclear transfer technology, while transgenesis involves introducing foreign DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are transgenic plants generated in laboratories?

    <p>By altering their genetic makeup through methods like biolistic particle gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transgenic Animal Technologies and Applications

    • Microinjection with a fine glass pipette is used to deliver a picoliter volume of a gene into embryos, and a viral vector can also be utilized for gene transformation.
    • Fertilized eggs are cultured in vitro to support physiological and metabolic processes, enabling various in vitro manipulations such as introducing foreign DNA through techniques like microinjection and retroviral insertion.
    • DNA microinjection involves using micromanipulators to inject recombinant DNA into embryos, offering advantages like high transgenic animal generation frequency but facing limitations such as positional effects and potential mutagenesis.
    • Animals produced using DNA microinjection must be rigorously tested to confirm transgene presence in all cells and the production of the gene's protein product.
    • Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer achieves high rates of gene transfer but has limitations on foreign DNA insert size and potential for undesired genetic recombination.
    • Transgenic animal models are extensively used to study human diseases and assess therapeutic applications, such as in Alzheimer's disease research.
    • Transgenic animals are employed for the production of therapeutic proteins, like ATryn, the first transgenically produced therapeutic protein approved by the U.S. FDA.
    • Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another, facing immunological barriers that can be overcome through knockout engineered pigs and transgenic pigs.
    • Xenotransplantation is considered as a solution to the shortage of human donors for organ transplants, particularly for kidney, liver, heart, and islet cell transplantation for diabetes.
    • Cloning and transgenesis are distinct techniques, with animal cloning resulting from nuclear transfer technology, and Dolly the sheep being an example of animal cloning without possessing a transgene.
    • Transgenic plants are generated in laboratories by altering their genetic makeup through methods like biolistic particle gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria.

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    16-Transgenic Animals.ppt

    Description

    Explore the world of transgenic animal technologies and applications with this quiz. Test your knowledge on DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, transgenic animal models for disease research, xenotransplantation, and cloning. Learn about the production of therapeutic proteins and the genetic alteration of plants.

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