Questions and Answers
What was the term 'transgenic animal' coined to describe?
An animal in which an exogenous gene was introduced into its genome
What is the primary requirement for creating a transgenic animal?
Recombinant DNA technology
What is the purpose of a DNA vector in transgenic animal technology?
To enable the molecule to be inserted into the host DNA
What technique is used for introducing exogenous DNA into the host DNA?
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What does a transgenic animal have as a result of genetic modification?
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In what decade was the term 'transgenic' extended to gene-targeting experimentation and the production of 'knockout' mice?
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What is the role of a promoter in recombinant DNA technology?
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What is the function of stop codons in recombinant DNA technology?
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What is the approximate tip diameter of the 'egg holding' pipette used in microinjection?
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What does the term 'knockout' mice refer to?
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What is the biolistic method used for in plant genetic modification?
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What is the role of Agrobacteria in genetic modification of plants?
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What is the purpose of genetically modifying plants?
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What is the difference between a cloned animal and a transgenic animal?
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What is the main reason for using tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana as test models in genetic modification research?
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In which part of the plant do the accelerated particles penetrate during the biolistic method?
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What is the function of tiny particles of gold or tungsten in the biolistic method?
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What are some possible traits of genetically modified plants?
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What is the main application of transgenesis in biotechnology?
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What is the outcome of transgenesis in plants and animals?
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Which method is used to deliver a picoliter volume of a gene into embryos?
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What is a limitation of DNA microinjection?
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What is a potential drawback of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer?
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What is the purpose of rigorously testing animals produced using DNA microinjection?
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What are transgenic animal models extensively used for?
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What is ATryn?
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What does xenotransplantation involve?
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What is xenotransplantation considered as a solution to?
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How are animal cloning and transgenesis distinct?
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How are transgenic plants generated in laboratories?
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Study Notes
Transgenic Animal Technologies and Applications
- Microinjection with a fine glass pipette is used to deliver a picoliter volume of a gene into embryos, and a viral vector can also be utilized for gene transformation.
- Fertilized eggs are cultured in vitro to support physiological and metabolic processes, enabling various in vitro manipulations such as introducing foreign DNA through techniques like microinjection and retroviral insertion.
- DNA microinjection involves using micromanipulators to inject recombinant DNA into embryos, offering advantages like high transgenic animal generation frequency but facing limitations such as positional effects and potential mutagenesis.
- Animals produced using DNA microinjection must be rigorously tested to confirm transgene presence in all cells and the production of the gene's protein product.
- Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer achieves high rates of gene transfer but has limitations on foreign DNA insert size and potential for undesired genetic recombination.
- Transgenic animal models are extensively used to study human diseases and assess therapeutic applications, such as in Alzheimer's disease research.
- Transgenic animals are employed for the production of therapeutic proteins, like ATryn, the first transgenically produced therapeutic protein approved by the U.S. FDA.
- Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another, facing immunological barriers that can be overcome through knockout engineered pigs and transgenic pigs.
- Xenotransplantation is considered as a solution to the shortage of human donors for organ transplants, particularly for kidney, liver, heart, and islet cell transplantation for diabetes.
- Cloning and transgenesis are distinct techniques, with animal cloning resulting from nuclear transfer technology, and Dolly the sheep being an example of animal cloning without possessing a transgene.
- Transgenic plants are generated in laboratories by altering their genetic makeup through methods like biolistic particle gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria.
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Description
Explore the world of transgenic animal technologies and applications with this quiz. Test your knowledge on DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, transgenic animal models for disease research, xenotransplantation, and cloning. Learn about the production of therapeutic proteins and the genetic alteration of plants.
