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Questions and Answers
Which method involves shooting DNA bound to tiny particles into plant tissue under high pressure?
Which method involves shooting DNA bound to tiny particles into plant tissue under high pressure?
What are the main reasons for using tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana as genetically modified test models?
What are the main reasons for using tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana as genetically modified test models?
What is the primary function of agrobacteria in genetic modification?
What is the primary function of agrobacteria in genetic modification?
What is the main difference between a cloned animal and a transgenic animal?
What is the main difference between a cloned animal and a transgenic animal?
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What is the purpose of transgenesis in biotechnology?
What is the purpose of transgenesis in biotechnology?
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What are some traits that genetically modified plants can possess?
What are some traits that genetically modified plants can possess?
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What is the method used to generate transgenic animals for medical and pharmaceutical use?
What is the method used to generate transgenic animals for medical and pharmaceutical use?
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What do the accelerated particles do in the biolistic method?
What do the accelerated particles do in the biolistic method?
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What is the role of DNA in the biolistic method?
What is the role of DNA in the biolistic method?
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What is the primary use of agrobacteria in the process of genetic modification?
What is the primary use of agrobacteria in the process of genetic modification?
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What was the term 'transgenic animal' coined to describe?
What was the term 'transgenic animal' coined to describe?
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What is the purpose of a DNA vector in transgenic animal technology?
What is the purpose of a DNA vector in transgenic animal technology?
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What is the role of a promoter and stop codons in recombinant DNA for transgenic animals?
What is the role of a promoter and stop codons in recombinant DNA for transgenic animals?
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What technique is used for introducing exogenous DNA into a transgenic animal?
What technique is used for introducing exogenous DNA into a transgenic animal?
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What is the definition of a transgenic animal today?
What is the definition of a transgenic animal today?
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What is the term used to describe the production of 'knockout' mice?
What is the term used to describe the production of 'knockout' mice?
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What is the purpose of using negative pressure in microinjection for transgenic animals?
What is the purpose of using negative pressure in microinjection for transgenic animals?
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What is the main requirement for creating a transgenic animal?
What is the main requirement for creating a transgenic animal?
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What technology is used for building the desired gene in transgenic animal technology?
What technology is used for building the desired gene in transgenic animal technology?
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What is the term used to describe the genetic material of an animal being manipulated so that extra genes may be inserted, replaced, or deleted?
What is the term used to describe the genetic material of an animal being manipulated so that extra genes may be inserted, replaced, or deleted?
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What is a disadvantage of DNA microinjection in creating transgenic animals?
What is a disadvantage of DNA microinjection in creating transgenic animals?
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What method achieves high rates of gene transfer but has limitations on the size of foreign DNA insert?
What method achieves high rates of gene transfer but has limitations on the size of foreign DNA insert?
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What is the primary purpose of xenotransplantation in the context of organ transplants?
What is the primary purpose of xenotransplantation in the context of organ transplants?
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What method is commonly used for generating genetically engineered plants in laboratories?
What method is commonly used for generating genetically engineered plants in laboratories?
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What is a limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in transgenic animal technology?
What is a limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in transgenic animal technology?
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What is the primary advantage of DNA microinjection in creating transgenic animals?
What is the primary advantage of DNA microinjection in creating transgenic animals?
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What is a challenge faced by xenotransplantation in the context of organ transplants?
What is a challenge faced by xenotransplantation in the context of organ transplants?
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What is the primary advantage of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in transgenic animal technology?
What is the primary advantage of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in transgenic animal technology?
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What is a key advantage of genetically modified crops generated through biolistic particle gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria?
What is a key advantage of genetically modified crops generated through biolistic particle gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria?
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What is a disadvantage of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in creating transgenic animals?
What is a disadvantage of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in creating transgenic animals?
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Study Notes
Transgenic Animal Technologies and Applications
- The process of creating transgenic animals involves microinjection of a gene using a fine glass pipette, viral vectors, or retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.
- Embryonic stem cells from early preimplantation embryos are used for in vitro manipulations by introducing foreign DNA through techniques like microinjection and retroviral insertion.
- Advantages of DNA microinjection include a high frequency of generating transgenic animals, lack of constraint on DNA constructs, and stability of the transgene across generations.
- Disadvantages of DNA microinjection include variable expression levels, potential for undesired mutagenesis, and the time and expense required for skill development.
- Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer achieves high rates of gene transfer but has limitations on the size of foreign DNA insert and potential for genetic recombination with other viruses.
- Transgenic animals are used as lab models for human disease and for the production of pharmaceuticals, such as the FDA-approved transgenically produced therapeutic protein ATryn.
- Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another, faces immunological barriers but can be overcome through the use of knock-out engineered pigs and transgenic pigs with human cell-surface proteins.
- Overcoming immunological barriers in xenotransplantation is crucial for considering pig organs as an alternative to human organ transplants due to the shortage of human donors.
- Cloned animals are not necessarily transgenic, as in the case of the famous cloned sheep Dolly, who does not possess a transgene.
- Xenotransplantation is being considered as a solution to the shortage of human donors for organ transplants, but faces challenges such as hyperacute rejection mediated by natural antibodies in humans to pig antigens.
- Transgenic plants, or genetically modified crops, are generated in laboratories by altering the plant's genetic makeup through methods like biolistic particle gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria.
- Genetically engineered plants are created by adding one or more genes to a plant's genome, and the most common methods for generating them are the biolistic method and Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria.
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Test your knowledge of transgenic animal technologies and applications with this quiz. Explore topics such as DNA microinjection, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, transgenic animal uses in research and pharmaceutical production, xenotransplantation, and genetically modified crops.