Transcription and RNA Polymerases in Bacteria

<p>To describe the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is usually double-stranded, RNA is usually single-stranded (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize RNA molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribozymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves solely as an intermediary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Template strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This allows the cell to produce different proteins at different times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription occurs before translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The polarity of the promoter dictates the direction of transcription. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic transcription is more complex than prokaryotic transcription because it involves multiple RNA polymerases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sigma factor helps RNA polymerase bind to the promoter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To signal the end of transcription and release the newly synthesized RNA molecule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The direction of transcription can vary between different genes on the same chromosome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential for the capping and polyadenylation of the mRNA transcript. (A), It promotes the recruitment of elongation factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TFIIH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the movement of RNA polymerase II through nucleosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription elongation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic genes are often separated by large stretches of noncoding DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They guide the RNA polymerase to specific sequences within the DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TFIID (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic genes are often separated by large stretches of noncoding DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General Transcription Factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a binding site for other transcription factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatin is responsible for packaging and organizing the DNA in the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA Polymerase II is only active in the presence of specific transcription factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA polymerase synthesizes a new RNA strand complementary to the DNA template. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mature RNA is much shorter than a replicated DNA molecule. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5’-to-3’ direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DNA template needs to be available for further transcription. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple copies of ribosomal RNA are produced simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phosphodiester bond links nucleotides together in the RNA transcript. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

A single-stranded nucleic acid made of ribonucleotides, differing from DNA.

Enzymes that synthesize RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

The process of copying a DNA sequence into RNA.

The linkage between nucleotides in RNA or DNA, forming the backbone.

RNA nucleotides pair A with U and C with G.

RNA primarily exists as a single strand, unlike double-stranded DNA.

RNA can have structural, regulatory, or catalytic functions in the cell.

A DNA segment that directs protein or RNA production.

The process where RNA directs protein synthesis.

Speed at which a gene is transcribed into RNA.

Speed at which RNA is translated into proteins.

The arrangement of nucleotide sequences that controls transcription direction.

Promoters have asymmetric sequences determining RNA polymerase binding orientation.

Eukaryotes have three types: RNA pol I, II, III for different genes.

Bacterial RNA polymerase requires a sigma factor for starting transcription.

Transcription direction can vary between genes on a chromosome.

A complex formed with general transcription factors and RNA polymerase at the promoter to start transcription.

A general transcription factor that opens the DNA helix at the transcription start site and phosphorylates RNA polymerase II.

Proteins that aid RNA polymerase II to transcribe DNA wrapped around nucleosomes.

Post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA, including capping, splicing, and polyadenylation, that occur in the nucleus.

Modification processes for mRNA: capping adds a special structure to the 5' end and polyadenylation adds a series of adenines to the 3' end.

Proteins that assemble at promoters to aid RNA polymerase in transcription.

The process where general transcription factors and RNA polymerase gather at the DNA's start site.

A DNA sequence that is a landmark for transcription factor binding in eukaryotes.

Genes in eukaryotes are spaced apart with long non-coding stretches between them.

Units of DNA packaging that affect gene accessibility for transcription.

Eukaryotic systems have more complex controls due to spaced-out genes.

The resulting RNA molecule synthesized during transcription.

Nucleotide units that match with DNA bases to form RNA.

The orientation in which RNA strands are synthesized during transcription.

The specific segment of DNA that is transcribed into RNA.

Multiple RNA molecules can be transcribed from the same gene at the same time.