Bacterial Gene Expression and Transcription Process Quiz

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What is the main role of a bacterial promoter in transcription initiation?

Help RNA polymerase recognize the start of genes (correct)

Act as a site for translation initiation

Facilitate splicing of pre-mRNA molecules

Bind to tRNA molecules during transcription

Which component of the bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme is responsible for recognizing the start of genes?

Sigma factor (correct)

RNA polymerase

Core enzyme

Rho factor

During which phase of transcription does the RNA polymerase unwind the DNA and form a temporary RNA:DNA hybrid?

Termination

Processing

Initiation

Elongation (correct)

What is the function of a terminator in bacterial transcription?

Mark the end of a gene for transcription termination Signup and view all the answers

How does factor-independent termination of transcription differ from rho-dependent termination in bacteria?

Rho-dependent termination relies on a protein called rho, while factor-independent termination does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of polycistronic mRNA often found in bacteria?

It contains directions for multiple polypeptides synthesized by a single RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a bacterial promoter?

Orients RNA polymerase for transcription Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for termination of transcription in bacteria?

Rho factor Signup and view all the answers

During transcription in bacteria, what is the function of a sigma factor?

Helps RNA polymerase recognize the promoter region Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the elongation phase of bacterial transcription?

RNA polymerase synthesizes the RNA transcript in the 5' to 3' direction Signup and view all the answers

What event characterizes the termination phase of bacterial transcription?

The formation of a hairpin loop in the mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme helps unwind the DNA double helix during transcription initiation in bacteria?

Helicase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation initiation?

It aligns with the 16S rRNA of the ribosome. Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during bacterial translation?

23S rRNA Signup and view all the answers

During translation elongation, what occurs at the A site of the bacterial ribosome?

Transpeptidation reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is required for the termination of protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Release factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the N-formylmethionine-tRNA in bacteria during translation initiation?

Aligns with 16S rRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which site on the bacterial ribosome binds the initiator tRNA or tRNA attached to the growing polypeptide?

Peptidyl (donor; P) site Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation during translation in bacteria?

Peptidyl transferase of 23S rRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the ribosome moves from the A site to the P site during translation elongation?

$\text{tRNA}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of GTP hydrolysis during translation?

$\text{Required for ribosome movement and translocation}$ Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when release factors recognize a stop codon during termination of protein synthesis?

Release of the polypeptide chain from the ribosome Signup and view all the answers