Eukaryotic Transcription vs Bacterial Transcription

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What is the primary function of the aminoacyl site (A site) in ribosomes?

To provide an avenue for exit of the tRNA after its amino acid has been added to the chain

To recognize the start codon in the mRNA

To bind a new tRNA molecule containing an amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain (correct)

To hold the tRNA to which the polypeptide is attached

What is the consequence of a mutation in the start codon on the translated polypeptide?

The polypeptide becomes shorter

The translation initiation is blocked (correct)

The polypeptide becomes longer

The polypeptide sequence remains unchanged

What is the primary difference in transcription between Bacteria and Eukaryotes?

The RNA polymerase enzyme used

The need for a primer in Eukaryotes

The presence of introns in Eukaryotes (correct)

The direction of transcription

At which stage of translation does the large subunit join the small subunit to form the intact ribosome?

Initiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the exit site (E site) in ribosomes?

To provide an avenue for exit of the tRNA after its amino acid has been added to the chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary level of control that regulates gene expression in Eukaryotes?

Transcriptional level Signup and view all the answers

How does Eukaryotic transcription differ from bacterial transcription?

Eukaryotic genes carry introns and exons, requiring processing to remove introns and add caps to the transcript. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the complex nature of transcription initiation and elongation in Eukaryotes compared to Bacteria?

Eukaryotic ribosomes bind directly to the mRNA to start translation. Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations impact transcription rates?

Mutations can either increase or decrease transcription rates depending on the specific mutation. Signup and view all the answers

How does the mRNA sequence dictate the amino acid sequence during translation?

The mRNA sequence corresponds directly to the DNA sequence, determining the amino acid sequence in translation. Signup and view all the answers

Which elements define the boundaries of translation on an mRNA molecule?

Start and stop codons dictate the beginning and end of the translated regions on the mRNA. Signup and view all the answers

Predict how the processing of introns and exons in Eukaryotic mRNA would impact translation efficiency.

Processing to remove introns and add caps would enhance translation efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the template strand of DNA during transcription?

To be transcribed into a complementary RNA molecule Signup and view all the answers

In bacterial transcription, what is the first step in the process?

Recognition of the promoter region Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes?

The presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

What would be the consequence of a mutation that introduces a premature stop codon in the mRNA sequence?

A shorter polypeptide chain will be synthesized Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA in the protein synthesis process?

To transfer information from DNA to protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

5'-3' Signup and view all the answers