Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Endurance Performance

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What is the primary mechanism by which transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) improves motor memory consolidation?

Enhancing synaptic plasticity during wakefulness

Synchronizing with brain's natural oscillations during sleep (correct)

Suppressing neural activity in the motor cortex

Increasing the release of neurotransmitters involved in motivation

Which type of memory is consolidated through the 'transfer' of memory representation from cortical to subcortical regions?

Spatial memory

Emotional memory

Procedural memory (correct)

Episodic memory

What is the hypothesized mechanism by which sleep engages an active reorganization process to stabilize labile neural representation of novel skills?

Spike-time dependent plasticity

Active system consolidation (correct)

Synaptic homeostasis hypothesis

Neural Darwinism

What is the primary function of spindle feedback controlled tACS in improving motor memory consolidation?

Synchronizing with brain's natural oscillations during sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the hypothesized mechanism by which sleep promotes synaptic downscaling?

Synaptic homeostasis hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using polysomnography in conjunction with tACS to improve motor memory consolidation?

Monitoring sleep stages during overnight learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the hypothesized mechanism by which anodal tDCS improves endurance performance?

Reducing the rate of perceived exertion by targeting the insula Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using a meta-analysis in exercise science research?

To increase the generalizability of research findings Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cathodal tDCS on motor evoked potential (MEP)?

It decreases MEP, allowing for more room for long-term potentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the neural mechanism underlying the perception of fatigue during exercise?

Increased activation of the temporal cortex, leading to increased perceived exertion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anodal tDCS on lactate release during exercise?

It increases lactate release, leading to increased release of BDNF Signup and view all the answers

What is the conclusion of meta-analyses on the effect of tDCS on isometric strength?

tDCS has a significant effect on endurance, but not isometric strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of the reactivation of recently formed memory representations during sleep?

Strengthening of the neural connections and short-term storage of the memory trace Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between the time spent in slow wave sleep (SWS) and the performance improvement?

Positive correlation, with increased time in SWS leading to improved performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synaptic homeostasis during sleep?

To normalize net synaptic strength and restore homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sleep on the spines and dendritic branches?

Sleep leads to a greater net spine loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactivation advantage in the context of memory consolidation?

The performance of cued melody minus the performance of uncued melody Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of synaptic strengthening during wakefulness?

Saturated learning at synapse and reduced selectivity of neuronal responses Signup and view all the answers