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What should be minimized when planning expressways?
Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when choosing a design speed for a road project?
A speed limit of ___ or lower would be appropriate in areas where there is high pedestrian activity such as in city center areas.
40 kph
Speed limit for low-risk pedestrian areas is ___.
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An ___ speed limit would be appropriate on a high-standard duplicated carriageway road where there is only occasional access from adjoining properties.
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A ___ speed limit would only be appropriate on very high standard expressways, which have a low crash rate.
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What is the maximum number of vehicles that can reasonably pass over a given section of a roadway in one hour under normal conditions?
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Which factors affect the capacity of a route?
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Ideal capacity of a road is ___.
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Who are considered vulnerable road users?
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The first aim of safe road design is to ensure that road users remain off the road.
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Where is the road surface condition particularly important?
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Which characteristics affect the provision of safety sight distance for drivers?
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What are the three elements of each type of sight distance?
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Stopping sight distance consists of which two components?
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Study Notes
Expressway Planning Elements
- No frontage access is allowed.
- Development should be set back from the highway.
- Grade separated intersections are used for high traffic flow and intersecting expressways.
- Minimize the number of intersections.
- Parking and stopping areas should be provided away from the main carriageway.
National Road Planning Elements
- Limited frontage access.
- Development is set back from the highway.
- Access to premises is provided via provincial roads.
- Minimize the number of intersections.
- Use at-grade channelized intersections for minor flows.
- No roadside vendors are allowed.
Traffic Impact Assessment Guidelines
- Focus on transportation improvement.
- Include road geometry considerations.
- Emphasize traffic safety.
- Address site circulation and parking management.
- Implement transportation demand management.
- Manage neighborhood traffic and parking.
- Secure funding for countermeasures.
Speed Limits
- 40 kph: Appropriate for areas with high pedestrian activity like city centers.
- 60 kph: Appropriate for low-risk pedestrian areas.
- 80 kph: Suitable for high-standard duplicated carriageway roads with occasional access.
- 100 kph: Only appropriate for very high-standard expressways with low crash rates.
Road Capacity
- Definition: The maximum number of vehicles that can reasonably pass a given section of roadway in one hour under specific conditions.
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Factors impacting capacity:
- Number of lanes
- Lane and shoulder width
- Terrain and road gradient
- Traffic composition
- Side friction (road furniture, pedestrians)
- Intersection capacity (priority of movements, signal phasing, number of lanes)
Ideal Road Capacity
- 2000 vehicles per hour (vph).
Vulnerable Road Users
- Pedestrians
- People with disabilities
- Non-motorized vehicles
- Motorcycles
Safe Road Design
- Primary aim: Keep road users safely on the road.
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Key factors:
- Sound road surface
- Adequate width or cross-section
- Horizontal and vertical alignment
- Good visibility/sight distance
- Delineation and signing
- Provisions for pedestrians, cyclists, and people with disabilities
- Traffic conflict management at intersections
- Speed management
Road Surface Condition Importance
- Areas where vehicles may need to brake or maneuver suddenly, such as:
- Approaches to traffic signals
- Roundabouts
- Tight curves
- Downhill slopes
Safety Sight Distance: Driver Characteristics
- Alertness of the driver
- Recognition of hazards
- Actions available to the driver, such as stopping or changing location
Safety Sight Distance: Vehicle Characteristics
- Vehicle type (car vs. truck)
- Tire-road friction
- Driver eye height
- Speed of the vehicle
Safety Sight Distance: Road Environment Characteristics
- Road geometry (grade, curvature, sight limitations)
- Road surface: Sealed/unsealed, smooth/rough
- Road illumination at night
Sight Distance Components
- Driver Eye Height: The height of the driver's eye above the road surface.
- Object Height: The height of an object that could be in the path of the vehicle.
- Sight Distance: Dependent on design speed and vehicle type.
Stopping Sight Distance Components
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Reaction Distance: The distance traveled while the driver:
- Perceives a hazard
- Decides on action
- Initiates braking
- Braking Distance: The distance traveled while the vehicle is braking to slow down.
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Description
This quiz covers essential elements of expressway and national road planning, including access restrictions and traffic flow management. It also examines traffic impact assessment guidelines, focusing on safety, site management, and funding. Test your knowledge on traffic regulations and best practices in road planning.
