Traditional Knowledge in Engineering
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Which materials were used in the cave paintings of the Ajanta caves?

  • Red clay, green gram, and jute
  • Clay, cow dung, stone powder, rice husk, and lime (correct)
  • Tempered clay and kaolin
  • Coconut shell fibers and oil

    • What should be done to wood to prevent the loss of oily substances?

  • Expose it to sunlight
  • Cover it with plastic
  • Paint it and apply an oil coat annually after the rainy season (correct)
  • Use synthetic varnish once every five years

    • What is the significance of using the same type of wood for frames and door shutters?

  • It ensures equal action of weather and prevents unequal strains (correct)
  • It is a traditional practice with no scientific basis
  • It allows for better aesthetic consistency
  • It reduces the cost of construction

    • Which materials were used in the Bagh caves for cave paintings?

    <p>Red clay, green gram, lime, and jute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does indigenous knowledge contribute to sustainable development?

    <p>It equips communities with skills to improve their livelihoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes indigenous knowledge?

    <p>Cumulative knowledge developed by local communities through interaction with the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated about the relationship between tradition and science?

    <p>Tradition and science serve the same purpose of protecting and improving human life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key component of a country's knowledge system?

    <p>Indigenous knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population in poor nations relies solely on plants for medical care?

    <p>70-80 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following industries does NOT depend on biological resources?

    <p>Fashion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does traditional knowledge play in the preservation of biodiversity?

    <p>It is crucial for conservation and sustainable development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Indian traditional medicine systems rely on a variety of biological resources?

    <p>Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'sacred groves' in the context of biodiversity preservation?

    <p>Natural ecosystems considered sacred by local communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is traditional knowledge increasingly protected at the international level?

    <p>It contributes significantly to contemporary business and agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has played a significant role in food security and healthcare through the cultivation of species?

    <p>Farmers and livestock keepers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established in 1992?

    <p>It brought international attention to the protection of traditional knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for filing an application for the registration of a plant variety?

    <p>Details of marketing plans for the variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required when making an application for the registration of a plant variety?

    <p>Complete passport data of parental lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is NOT allowed to apply for the registration of a plant variety?

    <p>Institutions conducting unrelated agricultural research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where must an application for plant variety registration be filed?

    <p>Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Right Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be disclosed regarding genetic material used in breeding?

    <p>The use of genetic material conserved by tribal or rural families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation DUS stand for in the context of plant variety registration?

    <p>Distinctiveness, Uniformity, Stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an affidavit regarding gene sequences for plant variety registration?

    <p>It ensures the variety does not use terminator technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected to be included in the characteristics of a plant variety for registration?

    <p>Descriptions of Novelty, Distinctiveness, Uniformity, and Stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the poor implementation of the Forest Rights Act (FRA)?

    <p>Low awareness among government bureaucrats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect related to traditional Forest Dwellers has been largely neglected?

    <p>Eligibility for rights under FRA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues affects the recognition of community rights?

    <p>Multiple villages depending on the same forest area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the goals of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002?

    <p>Enable fair sharing of benefits from biological resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition is correct according to the Biological Diversity Act?

    <p>Biological diversity refers to living organisms and ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization determines fair and equitable sharing of benefits under the Biological Diversity Act?

    <p>National Biodiversity Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant barrier to protecting wildlife and biodiversity under FRA?

    <p>Large scale interference by the Forest Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the aims of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 is to achieve sustainable use of biological resources. What does this entail?

    <p>Ensuring resource use does not compromise future availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the effective implementation of the FRA?

    <p>Building trust between agencies and local communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Biodiversity Act, 2002, what is emphasized in relation to indigenous knowledge?

    <p>Equitable sharing of benefits with local communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are tribal peoples viewed in terms of biodiversity conservation?

    <p>As the best conservationists due to their spiritual connection with nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect does formal education have on indigenous knowledge transmission?

    <p>Replaces elders as knowledge holders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one urgent need identified in relation to indigenous knowledge?

    <p>To enhance intergenerational transmission of indigenous knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of sidelining vernacular languages in education?

    <p>Erosion of cultural diversity and alienation of indigenous youth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do recent educational efforts aim to address indigenous knowledge loss?

    <p>By integrating indigenous language and knowledge into school curricula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as the quickest way to conserve high biodiversity areas?

    <p>Respecting tribal peoples’ rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'unity in diversity' primarily signify in the context of India?

    <p>Living together with love and peace despite differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the Indian Constitution's approach to religion?

    <p>It ensures religious freedom while maintaining a secular state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does secularism play in India according to the content?

    <p>It is essential for a democratic functioning of the country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main purposes of the Indian state distancing itself from religion?

    <p>To prevent the dominance or enforcement of any religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of diversity on India's society?

    <p>It creates a 'Diversity Dividend' fostering growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Indian state treat religious practices in government spaces?

    <p>It prohibits any endorsement of religion in government activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about Indian culture from the description given?

    <p>It is a mix of various cultural trends that coexist harmoniously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which challenges to achieving unity in diversity are implied in the content?

    <p>Conflicts arising from different cultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Traditional Knowledge in Engineering

    • Deep influence of Indian culture and tradition on Indian civil and architecture
    • Modern civil engineering can be more efficiently applied with understanding of Indian traditions
    • Indian traditions are related to science and welfare of human beings
    • Studying ancient techniques reveals scientific understanding
    • "Old is Gold" adage highlights the value of traditional knowledge
    • Ancient Indian architecture is remarkable despite the lack of complete modern knowledge
    • History is crucial for understanding existing and future knowledge and memory
    • Elders' advice about sleeping direction and avoiding specific trees reflects scientific understanding

    Ancient Building Materials

    • Mud, bricks, lime, stone, metals, precious stones were used for construction
    • Soil is an aggregate of inorganic and organic grains
    • Clays are the finest soil particles smaller than 75 microns
    • Mud is a workable mixture of clay soil and water
    • Gadi soil is composed of local soil, fine sand, cow dung, quick lime, extracts of Belphal, fibres of jute and water
    • Mud flooring was used in the Padmanabhapurum palace (1601 AD in Kerala)
    • Flooring was made from burnt coconut shells, quick lime, palm toddy, egg whites, and barks of trees.

    Preservation of Wood

    • Wood should be painted to prevent oil loss after rainy season
    • Frames and door shutters should be made of the same type of wood

    Traditional Knowledge in Agriculture

    • Local or indigenous knowledge refers to detailed understanding held by local communities
    • Knowledge capital is crucial for sustainable development
    • Indigenous knowledge includes skills, experiences, and insights of people

    Scientists' Competence vs Farmers

    • Scientists excel in reductionism, precise measures, breeding, and biotechnology
    • Scientists understand minute phenomena, and develop uniform conditions
    • Farmers have experience in actual farming systems and understanding of natural resources
    • Farmers adapt to and develop local technologies for diverse conditions

    Indigenous Knowledge in Health

    • Food is an aspect of Brahman
    • Indian philosophy and system of knowledge treats food with respect
    • Food should be eaten for survival, and strengthening of body and mind, and not for pleasure
    • Fasting is crucial for purification of mind and body for traditional health system
    • Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine in India, with regulation of diet as crucial for health
    • Food is classified as: Satvika, Rajsika, and Tamasika

    Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act

    • Legal protection for a plant variety given to a breeder
    • Plant breeders' rights are a type of property right
    • Sui generis system protects plant varieties under the Act
    • The Act accelerates agricultural development
    • Protects rights of farmers to save, exchange, and sell seeds

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    Description

    This quiz explores the profound impact of Indian culture and traditions on civil engineering and architecture. It emphasizes the connection between ancient building materials, traditional practices, and modern applications. Gain insights into how understanding history and traditional knowledge can enhance contemporary engineering approaches.

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