Toxins and Pregnancy: Risks and Effects

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Questions and Answers

What type of problems can be seen in offspring with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)?

  • Structural, behavioral, emotional, and neurological problems (correct)
  • Respiratory and gastrointestinal problems
  • Visual, auditory, and cognitive problems
  • Endocrine and immune system problems

Approximately what percentage of women smoke during pregnancy?

  • 1–5%
  • 5–9%
  • 25–30%
  • 10–24% (correct)

How do nicotine and carbon monoxide affect placental blood flow?

  • Decrease placental blood flow (correct)
  • Do not affect placental blood flow
  • Cause irregular fluctuations in placental blood flow
  • Increase placental blood flow

Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy?

<p>Increased risk of diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence rate of intrauterine infections during pregnancy?

<p>~12–20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of anomalies can intrauterine infections cause in the offspring?

<p>Deafness, blindness, and growth failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is often used for a definitive diagnosis of genetic syndromes?

<p>Genetic testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of nicotine exposure on fetal growth?

<p>Negatively affects fetal growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does maternal smoking impact the risk of congenital cardiac defects in offspring?

<p>+Increases the risk of congenital cardiac defects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential effect of teratogens on the human embryo/fetus?

<p>Enhanced fetal growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of teratogens on cell development according to the text?

<p>Accelerate programmed cell death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of teratogens, how can drugs affect fetal development?

<p>By causing malformations in the fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of teratogens based on the text?

<p>Physical agents, metabolic conditions, genetic mutations, and drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of cell development can be influenced by teratogens to cause malformations?

<p>Gene expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential effects of maternal exposure to teratogens during pregnancy according to the text?

<p>Physical malformations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do teratogens primarily impact fetal growth and development?

<p>By causing disruptions leading to defects or abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of substances are teratogens as described in the text?

<p>Substances that produce defects in the embryo/fetus after maternal exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of exposure to teratogens according to the text?

<p>Increased risk of miscarriages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between teratogens and fetal development?

<p>Teratogens can negatively affect fetal development and lead to abnormalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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