Toxicology and Dose Importance Quiz

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What is the importance of dose in toxicology?

It is an important factor in toxicology and can be summarized by the principle 'the dose makes the poison.'

Define LD50 and its significance.

LD50 refers to the dose of a substance that displays toxicity by killing 50% of a test population.

What is the difference between LD50 and LC50?

LD50 measures the lethal dose of a substance, while LC50 measures the lethal concentration of a substance.

How does studying toxicology provide protection to humans and the environment?

Studying toxicology helps protect from the toxic effects of toxicants. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of analytical toxicology.

Analytical toxicology is important for identifying and measuring toxic substances in biological samples. Signup and view all the answers

How does toxicology contribute to the development of drug therapies?

Studying toxicology leads to the development of innovative drug therapies with reduced toxicity to the human body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between chronic and subchronic toxicity?

Chronic toxicity involves long-term exposure at lower doses for more than 3 months, while subchronic toxicity involves intermediate duration exposure at higher doses for a few weeks to 3 months. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of chronic toxic effects mentioned in the text.

One example is cirrhosis in alcoholics who have ingested ethanol for several years. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of carcinogenicity in two stages.

The two stages are initiation, where a normal cell undergoes irreversible changes, and promotion, where initiated cells are stimulated to progress to cancer. Signup and view all the answers

How does subchronic toxicity differ from acute toxicity?

Subchronic toxicity involves repeated exposure at higher doses than acute toxicity studies but for a shorter duration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between LD50 and LC50?

LD50 refers to the lethal dose that causes death in 50% of the population, while LC50 is the lethal concentration that causes death in 50% of the population. Signup and view all the answers

Why is studying chronic toxicity important in toxicology?

Studying chronic toxicity is important as it represents cumulative damage over time to specific organ systems, leading to recognizable clinical diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Define local toxicity and provide an example.

Local effects occur at the site of first contact between the biological system and the toxicant. For example, ingestion of caustic substances or inhalation of irritant materials. Signup and view all the answers

What are systemic effects in toxicology?

Systemic effects require absorption and distribution of a toxicant to a distant site, where deleterious effects are produced. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of target organs in toxicology.

Target organs are the specific organs where a chemical elicits its major toxicity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between local and systemic toxicity?

Local toxicity occurs at the site of first contact, while systemic toxicity involves distribution to distant sites. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of LD50 in toxicology.

LD50 represents the dose of a toxicant that is lethal for 50% of the population tested. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between additive and synergistic effects in toxicology.

Additive effects occur when the combined effect of two chemicals equals the sum of their individual effects, while synergistic effects result in a combined effect greater than the sum of individual effects. Signup and view all the answers