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Questions and Answers
What is the first line of defense in an acute asthma attack?
What is the first line of defense in an acute asthma attack?
Which type of drug will a nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan of a patient who comes to the emergency department with urticaria following contact with shrubs?
Which type of drug will a nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan of a patient who comes to the emergency department with urticaria following contact with shrubs?
Which assessment is a priority for a nurse administering diphenhydramine to a patient who is also taking narcotics for chronic pain?
Which assessment is a priority for a nurse administering diphenhydramine to a patient who is also taking narcotics for chronic pain?
Which patient assessment finding will cause the nurse to suspect a risk for developing complications if diphenhydramine is administered?
Which patient assessment finding will cause the nurse to suspect a risk for developing complications if diphenhydramine is administered?
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Which condition may be caused by exposure to animal dander?
Which condition may be caused by exposure to animal dander?
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Which adverse reaction would the nurse include in patient teaching regarding the use of albuterol?
Which adverse reaction would the nurse include in patient teaching regarding the use of albuterol?
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Which patient condition listed in the medical record would be concerning to the nurse when reviewing the medication reconciliation list and noting a new prescription for tiotropium?
Which patient condition listed in the medical record would be concerning to the nurse when reviewing the medication reconciliation list and noting a new prescription for tiotropium?
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Which side effect of a histamine (H1) antagonist is used therapeutically for patients with allergic rhinitis?
Which side effect of a histamine (H1) antagonist is used therapeutically for patients with allergic rhinitis?
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Which antihistamine drug is most likely to cause significant drowsiness?
Which antihistamine drug is most likely to cause significant drowsiness?
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Which drug can be recommended to a patient for the treatment of the common cold?
Which drug can be recommended to a patient for the treatment of the common cold?
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If a patient has been prescribed diphenhydramine, which patient parameter will require the nurse to contact the health care provider?
If a patient has been prescribed diphenhydramine, which patient parameter will require the nurse to contact the health care provider?
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Which drug is most appropriate for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack?
Which drug is most appropriate for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack?
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Which instruction would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the proper use of metered-dose inhalers?
Which instruction would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the proper use of metered-dose inhalers?
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Which respiratory disorder may contribute to wheezing?
Which respiratory disorder may contribute to wheezing?
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Place in the correct order the steps the patient will use with a metered-dose inhaler:
Place in the correct order the steps the patient will use with a metered-dose inhaler:
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Which assessment finding in the patient’s chart demonstrates to the nurse that albuterol administration was effective? (Select all that apply)
Which assessment finding in the patient’s chart demonstrates to the nurse that albuterol administration was effective? (Select all that apply)
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Which data, when trended by the nurse from the first visit to today’s, demonstrates that the patient’s bronchodilator for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is effective?
Which data, when trended by the nurse from the first visit to today’s, demonstrates that the patient’s bronchodilator for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is effective?
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Which drug disrupts the inflammatory response and is indicated for the treatment of asthma?
Which drug disrupts the inflammatory response and is indicated for the treatment of asthma?
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Which patient teaching would the nurse include regarding the safe use of tiotropium?
Which patient teaching would the nurse include regarding the safe use of tiotropium?
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Which over-the-counter drug categories are available for the treatment of cough? (Select all that apply)
Which over-the-counter drug categories are available for the treatment of cough? (Select all that apply)
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Which condition is considered to be an adverse reaction of albuterol? (Select all that apply)
Which condition is considered to be an adverse reaction of albuterol? (Select all that apply)
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Which adverse drug effect is the nurse alert for in an older adult patient taking diphenhydramine?
Which adverse drug effect is the nurse alert for in an older adult patient taking diphenhydramine?
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Which statement contains the most important information to share with a patient receiving diphenhydramine?
Which statement contains the most important information to share with a patient receiving diphenhydramine?
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Which assessment question would the nurse ask before administering an albuterol inhaler to a patient with asthma?
Which assessment question would the nurse ask before administering an albuterol inhaler to a patient with asthma?
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What is the common side effect of antitussives that patients should be advised about?
What is the common side effect of antitussives that patients should be advised about?
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Which instruction will a nurse provide a patient receiving dextromethorphan for cough to ensure safe administration?
Which instruction will a nurse provide a patient receiving dextromethorphan for cough to ensure safe administration?
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Which is the correct mechanism of action of dextromethorphan?
Which is the correct mechanism of action of dextromethorphan?
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Which mode of action is associated with the drug tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
Which mode of action is associated with the drug tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
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Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient who has been diagnosed with diabetes and is taking a beta2 agonist?
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient who has been diagnosed with diabetes and is taking a beta2 agonist?
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Which type of drug would be administered first to a patient with a history of asthma presenting to the clinic with acute dyspnea?
Which type of drug would be administered first to a patient with a history of asthma presenting to the clinic with acute dyspnea?
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Which rationale explains why a nurse will teach a patient prescribed diphenhydramine to stop drinking alcohol while receiving therapy?
Which rationale explains why a nurse will teach a patient prescribed diphenhydramine to stop drinking alcohol while receiving therapy?
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Which patient condition would be appropriately treated by a prescribed antibiotic?
Which patient condition would be appropriately treated by a prescribed antibiotic?
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Which adverse drug reaction may occur with dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
Which adverse drug reaction may occur with dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
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Which side effect may occur in a patient receiving tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
Which side effect may occur in a patient receiving tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
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Which of these is the first line of defense in an acute asthma attack?
Which of these is the first line of defense in an acute asthma attack?
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Which type of drug will a nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan for a patient with urticaria following contact with shrubs?
Which type of drug will a nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan for a patient with urticaria following contact with shrubs?
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Which assessment is a priority for a nurse administering diphenhydramine to a patient who is also taking narcotics?
Which assessment is a priority for a nurse administering diphenhydramine to a patient who is also taking narcotics?
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Which patient assessment finding would cause the nurse to suspect a risk for complications if diphenhydramine is administered?
Which patient assessment finding would cause the nurse to suspect a risk for complications if diphenhydramine is administered?
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Which condition may be caused by exposure to animal dander?
Which condition may be caused by exposure to animal dander?
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What adverse reaction should the nurse include in patient teaching regarding the use of albuterol?
What adverse reaction should the nurse include in patient teaching regarding the use of albuterol?
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Which patient condition listed would be concerning for the nurse when reviewing a prescription for tiotropium?
Which patient condition listed would be concerning for the nurse when reviewing a prescription for tiotropium?
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Which side effect of an H1 antagonist is useful for patients with allergic rhinitis?
Which side effect of an H1 antagonist is useful for patients with allergic rhinitis?
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Which response should the nurse provide to a patient stating that their albuterol metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is ineffective?
Which response should the nurse provide to a patient stating that their albuterol metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is ineffective?
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Which antihistamine drug is most likely to cause significant drowsiness?
Which antihistamine drug is most likely to cause significant drowsiness?
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Which drug can be recommended for treating the common cold?
Which drug can be recommended for treating the common cold?
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If a patient has been prescribed diphenhydramine, which condition should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
If a patient has been prescribed diphenhydramine, which condition should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
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Which drug is most appropriate for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack?
Which drug is most appropriate for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack?
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Which instruction should the nurse give for using a metered-dose inhaler?
Which instruction should the nurse give for using a metered-dose inhaler?
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Which respiratory disorder may contribute to wheezing?
Which respiratory disorder may contribute to wheezing?
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Place in the correct order the steps the patient will use with a metered-dose inhaler:
Place in the correct order the steps the patient will use with a metered-dose inhaler:
Signup and view all the answers
Which assessment finding in the patient’s chart demonstrates to the nurse that albuterol administration was effective? (Select all that apply)
Which assessment finding in the patient’s chart demonstrates to the nurse that albuterol administration was effective? (Select all that apply)
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Which data, when trended by the nurse from the first visit to today’s, demonstrates that the patient’s bronchodilator for COPD is effective?
Which data, when trended by the nurse from the first visit to today’s, demonstrates that the patient’s bronchodilator for COPD is effective?
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Which drug disrupts the inflammatory response and is indicated for the treatment of asthma?
Which drug disrupts the inflammatory response and is indicated for the treatment of asthma?
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Which patient teaching would the nurse include regarding the safe use of tiotropium in a patient with bronchospasm associated with COPD?
Which patient teaching would the nurse include regarding the safe use of tiotropium in a patient with bronchospasm associated with COPD?
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Which over-the-counter drug categories are available for the treatment of cough? (Select all that apply)
Which over-the-counter drug categories are available for the treatment of cough? (Select all that apply)
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Which condition is considered to be an adverse reaction of albuterol? (Select all that apply)
Which condition is considered to be an adverse reaction of albuterol? (Select all that apply)
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Which adverse drug effect is the nurse alert for in an older adult patient taking diphenhydramine?
Which adverse drug effect is the nurse alert for in an older adult patient taking diphenhydramine?
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Which statement contains the most important information to share with a patient receiving diphenhydramine?
Which statement contains the most important information to share with a patient receiving diphenhydramine?
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Which assessment question would the nurse ask before administering an albuterol inhaler to a patient with asthma?
Which assessment question would the nurse ask before administering an albuterol inhaler to a patient with asthma?
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Which instruction will a nurse provide a patient receiving dextromethorphan for cough to ensure safe administration?
Which instruction will a nurse provide a patient receiving dextromethorphan for cough to ensure safe administration?
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Which is the correct mechanism of action of dextromethorphan?
Which is the correct mechanism of action of dextromethorphan?
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Which mode of action is associated with the drug tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
Which mode of action is associated with the drug tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
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Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient who has been diagnosed with diabetes and is taking a beta2 agonist?
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient who has been diagnosed with diabetes and is taking a beta2 agonist?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of drug would be administered first to a patient with a history of asthma presenting with acute dyspnea?
Which type of drug would be administered first to a patient with a history of asthma presenting with acute dyspnea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which rationale explains why a nurse will teach a patient prescribed diphenhydramine to stop drinking alcohol while receiving therapy?
Which rationale explains why a nurse will teach a patient prescribed diphenhydramine to stop drinking alcohol while receiving therapy?
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Which patient condition would be appropriately treated by a prescribed antibiotic?
Which patient condition would be appropriately treated by a prescribed antibiotic?
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Which adverse drug reaction may occur with dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
Which adverse drug reaction may occur with dextromethorphan hydrobromide?
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Which side effect may occur in a patient receiving tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
Which side effect may occur in a patient receiving tiotropium? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Albuterol Administration
- Effective albuterol administration can be indicated by clear lung sounds, lack of side effects, and absence of cardiac dysrhythmias.
- Bronchodilator therapy effectiveness can be evaluated through the patient's ability to ambulate and perform activities without increased work of breathing.
- Measuring albuterol levels is not necessary to determine the drug’s effectiveness.
COPD Treatment Effectiveness
- Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) is the primary measure to track effectiveness of bronchodilators in COPD patients.
- Improvement in activity levels also indicates effective bronchodilator treatment, while a decline in activity suggests ineffectiveness.
- Monitoring heart rate is important, as bronchodilators may cause tachycardia which does not indicate effectiveness.
Montelukast Use
- Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that reduces inflammatory symptoms in asthma.
- This drug contrasts with salmeterol and ipratropium, which primarily focus on bronchodilation rather than inflammation.
Tiotropium Administration
- Tiotropium is an anticholinergic medication for bronchospasm, administered via HandiHaler.
- The device must be cleaned with warm water before use, but no dietary restrictions like avoiding chocolate apply here.
Cough Treatment Options
- Antitussives, antihistamines, and expectorants are the main over-the-counter categories used for treating cough.
- Analgesics and antimicrobials are not indicated for cough treatment.
Adverse Reactions to Albuterol
- Potential adverse reactions from albuterol include chest pain, tachycardia, and palpitations; skin rashes and hypoglycemia are not caused by this medication.
Diphenhydramine Considerations
- Common adverse effects of diphenhydramine include sedation and urinary retention; insomnia due to adrenergic drugs is unrelated.
- Patients should avoid driving after taking diphenhydramine due to drowsiness.
Assessing Albuterol Use
- Prior to giving albuterol, assess for milk protein allergy as it may present in inhalers due to lactose content.
- Other conditions such as autoimmune disorders or the last meal taken are not relevant for albuterol administration.
Patient Education on Antitussive Side Effects
- Patients should be informed that drowsiness is a common side effect of antitussives, prompting them to avoid activities requiring mental alertness.
Dextromethorphan Mechanism
- Dextromethorphan works by suppressing the cough reflex in the medulla; it doesn’t convert productive coughs into nonproductive ones.
Tiotropium Mechanism of Action
- Tiotropium acts as an anticholinergic that dilates the bronchi, blocks acetylcholine action, and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Blood Sugar Monitoring
- Beta2 agonists may increase blood glucose levels; diabetic patients should monitor their glucose closely when using these medications.
Acute Asthma Management
- In acute asthma situations, the first line of treatment is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist for rapid relief from bronchospasm.
Alcohol Interaction with Diphenhydramine
- Alcohol intake should be avoided during diphenhydramine therapy due to an increased risk of CNS depression.
Bacterial Infections and Antibiotics
- Tenacious, yellow nasal discharge can indicate a bacterial infection that warrants antibiotic treatment, while other cold symptoms do not.
Dextromethorphan Adverse Reactions
- Psychosis can be a possible adverse reaction of dextromethorphan hydrobromide.
Tiotropium Side Effects
- Common side effects of tiotropium include dry mouth, constipation, myalgia, and insomnia; it may also cause hyperglycemia.
Critical Actions in Asthma Attacks
- In significant shortness of breath, administering a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist is critical before taking further actions.
Treatment for Urticaria
- For urticaria caused by allergens, antihistamines are the recommended treatment to mitigate histamine's effects.### Medication Administration and Interactions
- Diphenhydramine and Narcotics: Monitor respiratory rate due to the risk of central nervous system (CNS) depression when combined with narcotics.
- Contraindications: Narrow-angle glaucoma can worsen with diphenhydramine, as it has anticholinergic effects.
Allergic Conditions
- Causes of Allergic Rhinitis: Exposure to environmental allergens, including pollen and animal dander, triggers allergic rhinitis.
- Sinusitis: Defined as inflammation of the mucous membranes in the sinuses; not caused by allergens.
Albuterol Use and Side Effects
- Albuterol as a Treatment: First-choice medication for acute asthma attacks; promotes bronchodilation via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production.
- Adverse Effects: Tachycardia is a common side effect; hypoglycemia, drowsiness, and hypotension are not associated with albuterol use.
Inhaler Use and Techniques
- Proper MDI Use: Instruct patients to hold their breath for a few seconds after inhalation to enhance drug absorption.
- Common Issues: Check canister for emptiness and confirm correct technique if the inhaler does not provide relief.
Patient Assessment and Safety
- Medication Reconciliation: Alert providers of any contraindications, such as narrow-angle glaucoma when prescribing tiotropium.
- Monitoring Symptoms: Frequent monitoring is essential for patients with conditions like asthma; wheezing is primarily associated with this condition.
Antihistamines
- Drowsiness Risk: Diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, is most likely to cause sedation compared to second-generation antihistamines like cetirizine or loratadine.
Common Cold Management
- Recommended Treatments: Antihistamines are effective in relieving common cold symptoms by reducing nasopharyngeal secretions; antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.
Patient History and Reporting
- Clinical History: Background symptoms such as watery eyes and nasal discharge in conjunction with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis do not require reporting if they're non-critical, but closed-angle glaucoma necessitates consulting the healthcare provider.
Steps for MDI Use
- Step-by-Step Process: Correct order of albuterol inhaler use includes shaking the inhaler, removing the cap, exhaling, and then inhaling while pressing the canister. Hold breath after inhalation to maximize effectiveness.
Albuterol Administration
- Effective albuterol administration can be indicated by clear lung sounds, lack of side effects, and absence of cardiac dysrhythmias.
- Bronchodilator therapy effectiveness can be evaluated through the patient's ability to ambulate and perform activities without increased work of breathing.
- Measuring albuterol levels is not necessary to determine the drug’s effectiveness.
COPD Treatment Effectiveness
- Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) is the primary measure to track effectiveness of bronchodilators in COPD patients.
- Improvement in activity levels also indicates effective bronchodilator treatment, while a decline in activity suggests ineffectiveness.
- Monitoring heart rate is important, as bronchodilators may cause tachycardia which does not indicate effectiveness.
Montelukast Use
- Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that reduces inflammatory symptoms in asthma.
- This drug contrasts with salmeterol and ipratropium, which primarily focus on bronchodilation rather than inflammation.
Tiotropium Administration
- Tiotropium is an anticholinergic medication for bronchospasm, administered via HandiHaler.
- The device must be cleaned with warm water before use, but no dietary restrictions like avoiding chocolate apply here.
Cough Treatment Options
- Antitussives, antihistamines, and expectorants are the main over-the-counter categories used for treating cough.
- Analgesics and antimicrobials are not indicated for cough treatment.
Adverse Reactions to Albuterol
- Potential adverse reactions from albuterol include chest pain, tachycardia, and palpitations; skin rashes and hypoglycemia are not caused by this medication.
Diphenhydramine Considerations
- Common adverse effects of diphenhydramine include sedation and urinary retention; insomnia due to adrenergic drugs is unrelated.
- Patients should avoid driving after taking diphenhydramine due to drowsiness.
Assessing Albuterol Use
- Prior to giving albuterol, assess for milk protein allergy as it may present in inhalers due to lactose content.
- Other conditions such as autoimmune disorders or the last meal taken are not relevant for albuterol administration.
Patient Education on Antitussive Side Effects
- Patients should be informed that drowsiness is a common side effect of antitussives, prompting them to avoid activities requiring mental alertness.
Dextromethorphan Mechanism
- Dextromethorphan works by suppressing the cough reflex in the medulla; it doesn’t convert productive coughs into nonproductive ones.
Tiotropium Mechanism of Action
- Tiotropium acts as an anticholinergic that dilates the bronchi, blocks acetylcholine action, and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Blood Sugar Monitoring
- Beta2 agonists may increase blood glucose levels; diabetic patients should monitor their glucose closely when using these medications.
Acute Asthma Management
- In acute asthma situations, the first line of treatment is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist for rapid relief from bronchospasm.
Alcohol Interaction with Diphenhydramine
- Alcohol intake should be avoided during diphenhydramine therapy due to an increased risk of CNS depression.
Bacterial Infections and Antibiotics
- Tenacious, yellow nasal discharge can indicate a bacterial infection that warrants antibiotic treatment, while other cold symptoms do not.
Dextromethorphan Adverse Reactions
- Psychosis can be a possible adverse reaction of dextromethorphan hydrobromide.
Tiotropium Side Effects
- Common side effects of tiotropium include dry mouth, constipation, myalgia, and insomnia; it may also cause hyperglycemia.
Critical Actions in Asthma Attacks
- In significant shortness of breath, administering a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist is critical before taking further actions.
Treatment for Urticaria
- For urticaria caused by allergens, antihistamines are the recommended treatment to mitigate histamine's effects.### Medication Administration and Interactions
- Diphenhydramine and Narcotics: Monitor respiratory rate due to the risk of central nervous system (CNS) depression when combined with narcotics.
- Contraindications: Narrow-angle glaucoma can worsen with diphenhydramine, as it has anticholinergic effects.
Allergic Conditions
- Causes of Allergic Rhinitis: Exposure to environmental allergens, including pollen and animal dander, triggers allergic rhinitis.
- Sinusitis: Defined as inflammation of the mucous membranes in the sinuses; not caused by allergens.
Albuterol Use and Side Effects
- Albuterol as a Treatment: First-choice medication for acute asthma attacks; promotes bronchodilation via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production.
- Adverse Effects: Tachycardia is a common side effect; hypoglycemia, drowsiness, and hypotension are not associated with albuterol use.
Inhaler Use and Techniques
- Proper MDI Use: Instruct patients to hold their breath for a few seconds after inhalation to enhance drug absorption.
- Common Issues: Check canister for emptiness and confirm correct technique if the inhaler does not provide relief.
Patient Assessment and Safety
- Medication Reconciliation: Alert providers of any contraindications, such as narrow-angle glaucoma when prescribing tiotropium.
- Monitoring Symptoms: Frequent monitoring is essential for patients with conditions like asthma; wheezing is primarily associated with this condition.
Antihistamines
- Drowsiness Risk: Diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, is most likely to cause sedation compared to second-generation antihistamines like cetirizine or loratadine.
Common Cold Management
- Recommended Treatments: Antihistamines are effective in relieving common cold symptoms by reducing nasopharyngeal secretions; antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.
Patient History and Reporting
- Clinical History: Background symptoms such as watery eyes and nasal discharge in conjunction with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis do not require reporting if they're non-critical, but closed-angle glaucoma necessitates consulting the healthcare provider.
Steps for MDI Use
- Step-by-Step Process: Correct order of albuterol inhaler use includes shaking the inhaler, removing the cap, exhaling, and then inhaling while pressing the canister. Hold breath after inhalation to maximize effectiveness.
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Test your knowledge on the Respiratory System with this quiz covering critical assessment findings and concepts. This quiz will challenge your understanding and retention of important topics related to respiratory health. Perfect for students preparing for exams or looking to reinforce their knowledge.
