Questions and Answers
What is Albuterol Aerosol used for?
What is the antidote for Warfarin?
Vitamin K
Zolpidem is categorized as a ______.
sedative / hypnotic
What are the adverse reactions of Celecoxib?
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Which of the following medications is an antihypertensive?
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Prednisone is a long-acting corticosteroid.
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What are the main uses of Metronidazole?
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Which of the following drugs can cause hypoglycemia?
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What is the primary therapeutic effect of Alendronate?
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Match the following drugs with their classifications:
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Hydrochlorothiazide is a potassium-sparing diuretic.
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What should be monitored when administering Furosemide?
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Insulin Lispro has an onset of ______.
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What potential adverse reaction can occur with Metformin?
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What is the classification of Dexamethasone?
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Study Notes
Albuterol Aerosol
- Bronchodilator classified as a Beta 2 agonist; treats asthma, COPD, and acute bronchospasm.
- Monitor for adverse reactions like nervousness, tremors, chest pain, and paradoxical bronchospasm.
- Assess lung sounds and check potassium and glucose levels; rinse mouth post-use to reduce dry mouth.
Zolpidem (Ambien)
- Sedative/hypnotic that induces sedation and sleep.
- Possible side effects include amnesia, daytime drowsiness, and dependence.
- Used for short-term treatment (7-10 days); avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants.
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Antianxiety medication that is a benzodiazepine; used for anxiety, insomnia, and sedation.
- Risks include drowsiness, dizziness, and potential cardiac arrest with rapid IV administration.
- Avoid alcohol; assess patient’s mental status and anxiety levels.
Rosiglitazone
- Antidiabetic medication classified as a thiazolidinedione; it decreases insulin resistance.
- Monitor for fluid retention, anemia, weight gain, and cholesterol levels.
Diltiazem
- Antianginal and antiarrhythmic calcium channel blocker; decreases blood pressure and provides coronary vasodilation.
- Assess for CHF signs and monitor blood pressure and pulse.
Celecoxib
- NSAID and COX-2 inhibitor known for analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Monitor for GI bleeding, dermal rashes, and abdominal discomfort; contraindicated in patients allergic to sulfonamides.
Losartan
- Angiotensin II receptor blocker used primarily for hypertension and reducing stroke risk.
- Be aware of orthostatic hypotension and dizziness; conducts regular assessment of blood pressure.
Warfarin
- Anticoagulant that impedes Vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis; used for thromboembolism prophylaxis.
- May cause bleeding; requires regular INR/PT checks before administration; maintain consistent vitamin K intake.
Prednisone
- Intermediate-acting anti-inflammatory corticosteroid; serves to modify immune responses and treat inflammation.
- Watch for gastrointestinal issues, mood changes, and potential complications with wound healing; take with food.
Dexamethasone
- Long-acting corticosteroid similar in effects to prednisone; used for inflammation and immune response modification.
- Monitor for fluid retention and hyperglycemia; avoid abrupt cessation.
Phenytoin
- Antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant used primarily to reduce seizures and control arrhythmias.
- Side effects may include agranulocytosis, gingival hyperplasia, and hypersensitivity; monitor CBC regularly.
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- Antiinfective and antiulcer medication that targets anaerobic and parasitic infections.
- Monitor WBC, neurological status, and ensure it's taken with food to reduce GI disturbances.
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
- Peripherally acting antiadrenergic that alleviates symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia.
- Caution around orthostatic hypotension and advise gradual position changes.
Alendronate
- Bisphosphonate effective in treating osteoporosis; monitor for gastrointestinal side effects.
- Instructions include taking the medication with water on an empty stomach and remaining upright after ingestion.
Gentamicin
- Aminoglycoside antibiotic prescribed for enterococcal infections.
- Risks include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity; monitor through peak and trough levels.
Metformin
- Biguanide anti-diabetic that reduces hepatic glucose production and enhances sensitivity to insulin.
- Educate on the signs of lactic acidosis; should be taken with food and not close to dye-based studies.
Heparin
- Anticoagulant used to prevent thrombus formation; requires careful monitoring of aPTT.
- Assess for bleeding and thrombocytopenia; has an immediate effect when administered IV.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- Non-potassium sparing diuretic that lowers blood pressure and increases urine output.
- Monitor electrolytes, signs of hypokalemia, and administer in the morning to avoid nocturia.
Azathioprine
- Immunosuppressant used in renal transplant rejection prevention and autoimmune diseases.
- Monitor for blood dyscrasias and hepatotoxicity; review for signs of infection.
Insulin Glargine
- Long-acting insulin formulation that lowers blood glucose over 24 hours.
- Watch for hypoglycemia and other insulin interactions; do not mix with other insulins.
Humulin 70/30
- Insulin mixture with both NPH and regular components; provides control for blood glucose.
- Monitor for hypoglycemia and dose according to specific peaks of each insulin component.
Insulin Lispro
- Rapid-acting insulin with onset of less than 15 minutes; regulate blood glucose effectively around meals.
- Administer no sooner than 15 minutes before meals to prevent hypoglycemia.
Potassium Chloride
- Essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction; monitor for arrhythmias.
- Administer with food and check electrolyte levels regularly.
Digoxin
- Cardiotonic used in CHF and arrhythmias; narrow therapeutic range necessitates careful monitoring.
- Check pulse before administration and monitor for signs of toxicity, especially with low potassium levels.
Furosemide
- Loop diuretic that promotes diuresis, managing blood pressure and fluid status.
- Important to monitor electrolyte levels and watch for signs of dehydration.
Levofloxacin
- Broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic effective against various bacterial infections.
- Observe for potential allergic reactions and conduct periodic reviews of patient tolerance.
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Description
This quiz features essential flashcards covering the top 50 drugs, focusing on their therapeutic effects, side effects, and essential nursing considerations. Ideal for nursing students and healthcare professionals preparing for ATI Pharmacology exams.
