Introduction to Pharmacology NCM 106
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Questions and Answers

What does the package insert contain and why might it be difficult to read?

The package insert contains chemical and study information that led to the drug's approval, but it is often difficult to read due to small print.

How does the Drug Facts and Comparisons compare to the Physician’s Drug Reference (PDR)?

Drug Facts and Comparisons provides a user-friendly layout organized by drug class, while the PDR is heavily cross-referenced and may not be as straightforward.

What unique feature do the AMA Drug Evaluations provide regarding new drugs?

AMA Drug Evaluations include detailed monographs for many new drugs and those still in the research stage, presented in an unbiased format.

What type of information does Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide offer that is specifically useful for nursing?

<p>Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide offers drug monographs organized alphabetically, including nursing implications and patient teaching points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantages does the Internet provide as a source of medical information?

<p>The Internet offers quick access to a variety of medical information and advice, though the reliability can vary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of antidiabetic agents?

<p>To manage and control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antipsychotic medications primarily work?

<p>They alter the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain to manage symptoms of psychosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bronchodilators?

<p>To relax and widen the airways in the respiratory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms do antihistamines help relieve?

<p>They relieve allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of immunosuppressants in medical treatment?

<p>To suppress or weaken the immune system’s activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is drug standardization important?

<p>It ensures that drug products are uniformly pure and potent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information can be found on drug labels?

<p>They identify the brand and generic names, dosage, expiration date, and special warnings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization sets standards for the quality of medicines and food ingredients?

<p>The United States Pharmacopeial Convention Inc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacology and what does it study?

<p>Pharmacology is the scientific study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three different names of drugs?

<p>The three different names of drugs are chemical name, generic name, and trade name.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a generic name and a brand name?

<p>A generic name refers to the chemical composition of a drug, while a brand name is a trademarked name used by a drug company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define therapeutics drugs in pharmacology.

<p>Therapeutics drugs are substances used in the prevention or treatment of diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are drugs defined as in pharmacology?

<p>Drugs are defined as chemicals introduced into the body to cause some sort of change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the term 'pharmacology'?

<p>The term 'pharmacology' is derived from the Greek words 'pharmakon' meaning medicine and 'logos' meaning study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding drug classifications in pharmacology?

<p>Understanding drug classifications helps in identifying the different types of drugs and their respective uses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Paul Ehrlich define pharmacology?

<p>Paul Ehrlich defined pharmacology as the study of changes brought about in living organisms by chemically acting substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary differences between natural and synthetic drugs?

<p>Natural drugs are derived from plants, animals, and inorganic compounds, while synthetic drugs are chemically produced in laboratories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two drug classifications that are used to treat hypertension.

<p>Antihypertensives and ACE inhibitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antibiotics work against bacterial infections?

<p>Antibiotics either kill bacteria (bactericidal) or inhibit their growth (bacteriostatic), allowing the immune system to eliminate them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of antidepressants?

<p>Antidepressants are used to treat various mental health conditions, mainly depression and certain anxiety disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the action of antacids in the body.

<p>Antacids neutralize excess stomach acid to relieve symptoms of acid indigestion and heartburn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do anticoagulants play in medical treatment?

<p>Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting, treating and preventing conditions related to abnormal blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a type of drug that reduces the perception of pain.

<p>Analgesics are designed to relieve pain either by acting on the CNS or affecting the PNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for antihypertensive drugs?

<p>Antihypertensives lower high blood pressure to manage and control blood pressure levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Pharmacology

  • Understanding pharmacology is crucial for nursing, covering fundamental principles and concepts.
  • Familiarity with common definitions and terms is essential for effective communication in healthcare.
  • Distinction between drug classifications aids in understanding treatment protocols.

Definition of Pharmacology

  • Derived from Greek words: “pharmakon” (medicine) and “logos” (study).
  • Defined as the scientific study of drug effects on living organisms, encompassing both natural and synthetic substances.

Drug Classification

  • Drugs are classified based on:
    • Chemical structure similarities.
    • Affected body systems.
    • Therapeutic uses for treating specific diseases.
    • Mechanism of action.
    • Prescription requirements (prescription vs. non-prescription).

Drug Naming Conventions

  • Three names for drugs:
    • Chemical Name: describes molecular structure.
    • Generic Name: official name used in compendiums.
    • Trade Name: brand name registered by drug companies.

Drug Sources

  • Natural Sources: derived from plants, animals, and minerals.
  • Synthetic: created artificially in laboratories.

Common Drug Classifications

  • Antibiotics: Treat bacterial infections; can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
  • Antidepressants: Address mental health conditions, altering neurotransmitter levels to regulate mood.
  • Antihypertensive: Prescribed to manage high blood pressure.
  • Antacids: OTC drugs that neutralize stomach acid, alleviating heartburn and GERD symptoms.
  • Anticoagulants: Prevent blood clotting and treat conditions related to clotting abnormalities.
  • Analgesics: Designed to relieve pain by reducing pain perception in the CNS or PNS.
  • Antidiabetic Agents: Manage blood sugar levels in diabetes by regulating insulin and glucose.
  • Antipsychotics: Treat psychiatric disorders by modulating neurotransmitter activity.
  • Bronchodilators: Relax airways to improve breathing in lung conditions.
  • Antihistamines: Relieve allergy symptoms by blocking histamine effects.
  • Immunosuppressants: Suppress immune response to manage autoimmune diseases and other conditions.

Drug Standards and Regulation

  • Standardization ensures drugs are pure and potent, crucial for safety and efficacy.
  • The United States Pharmacopeial Convention sets standards for medication identity, strength, and quality.

Sources of Drug Information

  • Drug Labels: Provide essential information such as brand and generic names, dosage, and expiration.
  • Package Inserts: Detailed chemical and study information from manufacturers, often complex to read.
  • Reference Books:
    • Physician’s Drug Reference (PDR): Compilation of drug information.
    • Drug Facts and Comparisons: User-friendly comparison guide.
    • AMA Drug Evaluations: Unbiased drug evaluations including research-stage drugs.
  • Nursing Guides:
    • Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide: Organized drug monographs with nursing implications.
  • Journals: Monthly reviews and articles on new drugs and nursing implications.
  • Internet: Online sources for medical information and advice, varying in reliability.

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Description

This quiz is designed for nursing students enrolled in NCM 106, focusing on the basic principles and concepts of pharmacology. Students will demonstrate their familiarity with pharmacological terms and their ability to differentiate between various drugs. Reviewing essential definitions in pharmacology is crucial for effective nursing practice.

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