Titration Fundamentals Quiz

Study Notes

Titration Fundamentals

Titration is a method for determining the concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution of known concentration.
It measures the volume delivered from a buret during the process.

Buret Overview

A buret is a graduated glass tube equipped with a tap for precise liquid delivery.
In this lab, sodium hydroxide is contained in the buret, with the tap being vertical when open and horizontal when closed.

Equipment Definitions

Stopcock (or petcock) is used to control the flow of liquid through tubing, specifically the tap on the buret.
To read a buret correctly, note that the smallest numbers are on top, indicating liquid volume released when measuring bottom-to-top.

Chemical Components

Acetic acid (vinegar) is represented by the formula HC₂H₃O₂ or CH₃COOH.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base used in the titration process.

Key Titration Points

The endpoint is reached when the indicator changes color, signaling the stopping point of titration.
The equivalence point occurs when the acid and base have fully reacted, indicating complete neutralization.

Potential Errors

Titration error arises if the endpoint does not closely match the equivalence point, affecting accuracy.

Indicators and Their Role

An indicator changes color in response to an acid or base; phenolphthalein is used, turning red-pink in basic conditions and remaining colorless in acidic.

Dilution Process

Dilution involves adding a solvent to decrease solute concentration; sodium hydroxide is diluted for titration yet should be standardized for precise concentration.

Required Materials for Lab

Essential materials for the lab include a buret, pipet, pipet filler, Erlenmeyer flask, clamp, ring stand, stopcock, funnel, and distilled water.

Safety Note

Sodium hydroxide is caustic; precautions should be taken to ensure skin contact is avoided and correct handling is practiced.

Lab Introduction

The titration experiment uses sodium hydroxide to neutralize an acetic acid (vinegar) solution, identified by phenolphthalein's color changes signaling the endpoint.

Lab Procedure Steps

Measure a 10.00 mL sample of vinegar, add phenolphthalein indicator, and prepare the buret with sodium hydroxide solution.
Record initial buret volume, then slowly add sodium hydroxide to the acid while swirling to mix, tracking the endpoint indicated by color change.

Description

Test your knowledge of titration techniques and equipment in this quiz. You will learn about burets, stopcocks, and the chemical components involved in the titration process. Sharpen your understanding of how to determine the concentration of solutions through this method.