39 Questions
What is the primary objective of tissue repair?
To restore tissue architecture and function after an injury
What occurs when damaged tissues are incapable of complete restitution and regeneration?
Scar formation through deposition of collagen
What is the term for the deposition of collagen in organs after chronic inflammation or infarction?
Fibrosis
What is the term for the process of laying down of connective tissue in a tissue space occupied by an inflammatory exudate?
Organization
What is the primary characteristic of labile tissues?
Cells are continuously being lost and replaced by maturation from stem cells
Which of the following tissues have a limited capacity to regenerate after injury?
Stable tissues except liver
How are tissues categorized based on their intrinsic proliferative capacity?
Into three groups: labile, stable, and permanent tissues
What is the term for the healing of wounds with minimal tissue damage and complete restitution?
Healing by first intention
What is the characteristic of embryonic stem cells?
Can generate multiple cell lineages
What is the function of stem cells in labile tissues?
To differentiate into mature cells and replace lost cells
What is the main function of growth factors in tissue proliferation?
To stimulate the function of growth control genes
In which stage of the cell cycle are cells in stable tissues?
G0 stage
What is the role of autocrine signaling in growth factors?
Signaling directly in the same cell
What happens to damaged permanent tissue?
It is repaired by scar formation
Where are stem cells typically located in skin and GIT?
Near the basal layer of the epithelium
Which of the following is NOT a growth promoter?
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
What is the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cell behavior?
To regulate cell movement and differentiation
What is the characteristic of asymmetric replication?
Some cells enter a differentiation pathway, while others remain undifferentiated
What is the characteristic appearance of granulation tissue?
Pink, soft, granular
What is the primary reason for edema in granulation tissue?
Incompletely formed inter-endothelial junctions
What is the function of VEGF in granulation tissue?
To increase vessel permeability
In which type of tissues does cell renewal occur continuously?
Labile tissues
What is the characteristic of the extracellular matrix in granulation tissue?
Loose and fibrous
What percentage of the liver can be removed in living donor or for tumor removal?
40% to 60%
What is the outcome of the accumulation of connective tissue matrix in granulation tissue?
Formation of scar tissue
What drives the proliferation of more differentiated progenitors in the bone marrow?
Growth factors
What is required for tissue regeneration and repair?
Intact ECM
Which organs have some regenerative capacity?
Pancreas, adrenal, thyroid, and lung
When can repair occur through regeneration alone?
When there is minimal damage to tissues
What is the characteristic gross appearance of granulation tissue?
Pink, soft, granular
What is the primary reason for the edematous nature of granulation tissue?
Incompletely formed inter-endothelial junctions
What is the result of the accumulation of connective tissue matrix in granulation tissue?
Formation of a scar
What is the function of VEGF in granulation tissue?
Increases vessel permeability
What is the characteristic microscopic appearance of granulation tissue?
Proliferating fibroblasts and new blood vessels
How long does it take for granulation tissue to become apparent?
3 to 5 days
What is the composition of granulation tissue?
Proliferating fibroblasts, new thin-walled capillaries, and loose ECM
What is the ultimate outcome of the remodeling process in granulation tissue?
Formation of a permanent scar
What is the significance of angiogenesis in granulation tissue?
Formation of new blood vessels
What is the characteristic of the extracellular matrix in granulation tissue?
Loose and collagen-poor
Test your understanding of tissue repair and wound healing processes, including regeneration, repair by fibrosis, and healing by first and second intention. Identify pathologic aspects of repair and understand the restoration of tissue architecture and function after an injury.
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