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Questions and Answers
Which type of cells are continuously dividing cells?
What is the replacement of destroyed tissue by a fibrous scar called?
What is the initial response to injury followed by acute inflammation?
Which type of cells have the ability to regenerate and heal easily if the supporting stroma is intact?
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Which type of cells are non-dividing and cannot regenerate?
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What is the role of polypeptide growth factors in cell growth?
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What is the function of the extracellular matrix in cell growth and differentiation?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of gene expression?
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What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in gene expression?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of post-transcriptional RNA processing?
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Which of the following is the primary function of miRNA?
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How does miRNA block gene expression?
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What is the basis of miRNA mechanism of action?
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During the transcription process, which phase does RNA Pol II move along the template synthesizing RNA until it reaches the terminator region?
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Which sequence is commonly found within the transcribed sequence of most eukaryotic mRNA precursors?
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What is the function of 5' capping in mRNA processing?
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What is the main function of the poly(A) tail addition in mRNA processing?
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Which of the following is a key difference between RNA and DNA?
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What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
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Which of the following is essential for the transcription of all genes?
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Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?
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What is the process by which the free 3' end of one exon attacks the 5' end of another exon?
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Which type of gene expression is always on and determines the level of gene expression based on the number of binding sites and the amount of transcription factor present?
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Which type of gene expression is turned on only when necessary and determines tissue specificity?
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Which type of RNA functions as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids in protein synthesis?
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Study Notes
Cell Division and Growth
- Continuously dividing cells are labile cells.
- The replacement of destroyed tissue by a fibrous scar is called fibrosis.
- The initial response to injury is followed by acute inflammation.
Cell Types and Regeneration
- Cells that have the ability to regenerate and heal easily if the supporting stroma is intact are labile cells.
- Non-dividing cells that cannot regenerate are permanent cells.
Cell Growth and Signaling
- Polypeptide growth factors play a role in cell growth by promoting cell proliferation and differentiation.
- The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support, regulates cell growth, and influences cell differentiation.
Gene Expression
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) plays a crucial role in gene expression by carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
- The primary function of microRNA (miRNA) is to block gene expression by binding to mRNA and preventing its translation.
- miRNA blocks gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA.
- The basis of miRNA mechanism of action is complementary binding to target mRNA.
Transcription
- During the transcription process, RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) moves along the template synthesizing RNA until it reaches the terminator region.
- The sequence commonly found within the transcribed sequence of most eukaryotic mRNA precursors is the poly(A) signal sequence.
mRNA Processing
- 5' capping protects the mRNA from degradation and helps in ribosome recognition.
- The main function of the poly(A) tail addition is to increase mRNA stability and facilitate translation.
RNA and DNA
- A key difference between RNA and DNA is the presence of uracil in RNA instead of thymine in DNA.
- The function of messenger RNA (mRNA) is to carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Transcription Factors and Gene Expression
- Transcription factors are essential for the transcription of all genes.
- RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA.
- The process by which the free 3' end of one exon attacks the 5' end of another exon is called splicing.
Types of Gene Expression
- Constitutive gene expression is always on and determines the level of gene expression based on the number of binding sites and the amount of transcription factor present.
- Inducible gene expression is turned on only when necessary and determines tissue specificity.
Protein Synthesis
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) functions as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids in protein synthesis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell types, wound healing phases, and factors that affect wound healing in this quiz. Learn about regeneration, repair, healing by primary and secondary intention, and different examples of healing in various tissues. Explore the pathologic aspects of both good and poor wound healing, as well as the local and systemic factors that can impair the healing process.
