Thyroid Disorders and Tumors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a major disturbance of thyroid function?

Graves' disease (correct)

Hypertension

Osteoporosis

Type 2 diabetes

What type of action does autocrine cell products have?

Action at distant sites

Act on itself (correct)

Products secreted into the bloodstream

Localized action around production site

What are the normal physiologic functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla?

Testosterone production and reproductive function

Thyroid hormone production and regulation of metabolism

Cortisol production and blood pressure regulation (correct)

Insulin secretion and glucose metabolism

What is the concept of ectopic hormone production by nonendocrine tumors?

Nonendocrine tumors produce hormones that affect distant sites in the body Signup and view all the answers

What are the common endocrine disturbances resulting from parathyroid dysfunction?

$Hypercalcemia$ and $Hypocalcemia$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism caused by a hormone-secreting parathyroid adenoma?

Surgical removal of the tumor Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of hyperparathyroidism?

Hypercalcemia, renal calculi, and neurologic effects Signup and view all the answers

What causes Addison disease?

Atrophy or destruction of adrenal glands Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Cushing disease?

Disturbed metabolism, muscle wasting, and osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of overproduction of aldosterone?

High sodium, increased blood volume, increased blood pressure, and low potassium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of pheochromocytoma?

Causes cerebral hemorrhage from hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alpha cells in the pancreas?

Produce glucagon to raise blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for tumors of the gonads that secrete hormones?

Tumor resection Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FSH and LH in the endocrine function of gonads?

Controlled by gonadotropic hormone GnRH from the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term effects of increased cortisol on metabolism and immune function?

Disturbs fat, glucose, and protein metabolism and suppresses immune function Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the pituitary gland?

The level of hormone detected by cells in the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result from pituitary gland abnormalities?

Diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

What type of hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce?

Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin Signup and view all the answers

What can be a cause of many pituitary endocrine disturbances?

Anterior lobe pituitary tumors Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is caused by failed thyroid gland development in infants?

Cretinism Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

Autoantibodies and T cell destruction of thyroid tissue and TSH receptors Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to goiter?

Iodine deficiency or hormone enzyme deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thyroid carcinoma secretes increased calcitonin, leading to poor bone health?

Medullary carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits prolactin overproduction?

Dopamine agonists Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thyroid Disorders and Tumors

Growth hormone overproduction is caused by pituitary adenoma and results in gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults, with symptoms such as large jaws and thickened fingers.
Prolactin overproduction is due to small pituitary adenoma or hypothalamus conditions and leads to galactorrhea in women and infertility in men, and can be inhibited by dopamine agonists.
The thyroid gland controls metabolic processes and consists of two lateral lobes connected by an isthmus, producing T3 and T4 hormones regulated by TSH from the pituitary.
Dysregulation of the thyroid gland leads to hypo- or hyper-thyroidism, with goiter being caused by iodine deficiency or hormone enzyme deficiency.
Hyperthyroidism results from excess thyroid hormone secretion and can be caused by antithyroid antibody or autoimmune diseases, with treatment options including drugs, thyroidectomy, or radioactive iodine.
Hypothyroidism in infants, known as cretinism, is caused by failed thyroid gland development and requires early detection and treatment for normal development.
Hypothyroidism in adults, known as myxedema, causes metabolic slowing and requires administration of thyroid hormone.
Chronic thyroiditis can be caused by acute viral or bacterial infection, resulting in decreased thyroid hormone production and an enlarged thyroid gland, with treatment involving thyroid hormone administration.
Hashimoto Thyroiditis is characterized by autoantibodies and T cell destruction of thyroid tissue and TSH receptors.
Thyroid tumors can be benign encapsulated nodules or malignant, with radiation increasing the incidence after cancer treatments and well-differentiated tumors being easily treated.
Poorly differentiated follicular carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas are aggressive and require surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy for treatment.
Medullary carcinoma is rare and secretes increased calcitonin, leading to poor bone health and other health effects.

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Description

Test your knowledge of thyroid disorders and tumors with this quiz covering topics such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid tumors. Explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for various thyroid-related conditions.