Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a major disturbance of thyroid function?
Which of the following is a major disturbance of thyroid function?
- Graves' disease (correct)
- Hypertension
- Osteoporosis
- Type 2 diabetes
What type of action does autocrine cell products have?
What type of action does autocrine cell products have?
- Action at distant sites
- Act on itself (correct)
- Products secreted into the bloodstream
- Localized action around production site
What are the normal physiologic functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla?
What are the normal physiologic functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla?
- Testosterone production and reproductive function
- Thyroid hormone production and regulation of metabolism
- Cortisol production and blood pressure regulation (correct)
- Insulin secretion and glucose metabolism
What is the concept of ectopic hormone production by nonendocrine tumors?
What is the concept of ectopic hormone production by nonendocrine tumors?
What are the common endocrine disturbances resulting from parathyroid dysfunction?
What are the common endocrine disturbances resulting from parathyroid dysfunction?
What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism caused by a hormone-secreting parathyroid adenoma?
What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism caused by a hormone-secreting parathyroid adenoma?
What are the effects of hyperparathyroidism?
What are the effects of hyperparathyroidism?
What causes Addison disease?
What causes Addison disease?
What are the symptoms of Cushing disease?
What are the symptoms of Cushing disease?
What are the consequences of overproduction of aldosterone?
What are the consequences of overproduction of aldosterone?
Which of the following is a characteristic of pheochromocytoma?
Which of the following is a characteristic of pheochromocytoma?
What is the function of alpha cells in the pancreas?
What is the function of alpha cells in the pancreas?
What is the primary treatment for tumors of the gonads that secrete hormones?
What is the primary treatment for tumors of the gonads that secrete hormones?
What is the role of FSH and LH in the endocrine function of gonads?
What is the role of FSH and LH in the endocrine function of gonads?
What are the long-term effects of increased cortisol on metabolism and immune function?
What are the long-term effects of increased cortisol on metabolism and immune function?
Which hormone is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Which hormone is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
What regulates the pituitary gland?
What regulates the pituitary gland?
Which condition can result from pituitary gland abnormalities?
Which condition can result from pituitary gland abnormalities?
What type of hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce?
What type of hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produce?
What can be a cause of many pituitary endocrine disturbances?
What can be a cause of many pituitary endocrine disturbances?
Which condition is caused by failed thyroid gland development in infants?
Which condition is caused by failed thyroid gland development in infants?
What is the characteristic feature of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
What is the characteristic feature of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
What can lead to goiter?
What can lead to goiter?
Which type of thyroid carcinoma secretes increased calcitonin, leading to poor bone health?
Which type of thyroid carcinoma secretes increased calcitonin, leading to poor bone health?
What inhibits prolactin overproduction?
What inhibits prolactin overproduction?
Study Notes
Thyroid Disorders and Tumors
- Growth hormone overproduction is caused by pituitary adenoma and results in gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults, with symptoms such as large jaws and thickened fingers.
- Prolactin overproduction is due to small pituitary adenoma or hypothalamus conditions and leads to galactorrhea in women and infertility in men, and can be inhibited by dopamine agonists.
- The thyroid gland controls metabolic processes and consists of two lateral lobes connected by an isthmus, producing T3 and T4 hormones regulated by TSH from the pituitary.
- Dysregulation of the thyroid gland leads to hypo- or hyper-thyroidism, with goiter being caused by iodine deficiency or hormone enzyme deficiency.
- Hyperthyroidism results from excess thyroid hormone secretion and can be caused by antithyroid antibody or autoimmune diseases, with treatment options including drugs, thyroidectomy, or radioactive iodine.
- Hypothyroidism in infants, known as cretinism, is caused by failed thyroid gland development and requires early detection and treatment for normal development.
- Hypothyroidism in adults, known as myxedema, causes metabolic slowing and requires administration of thyroid hormone.
- Chronic thyroiditis can be caused by acute viral or bacterial infection, resulting in decreased thyroid hormone production and an enlarged thyroid gland, with treatment involving thyroid hormone administration.
- Hashimoto Thyroiditis is characterized by autoantibodies and T cell destruction of thyroid tissue and TSH receptors.
- Thyroid tumors can be benign encapsulated nodules or malignant, with radiation increasing the incidence after cancer treatments and well-differentiated tumors being easily treated.
- Poorly differentiated follicular carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas are aggressive and require surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy for treatment.
- Medullary carcinoma is rare and secretes increased calcitonin, leading to poor bone health and other health effects.
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Description
Test your knowledge of thyroid disorders and tumors with this quiz covering topics such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid tumors. Explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for various thyroid-related conditions.
