Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease in Animals

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Questions and Answers

Quale gruppo de medicamentos es classify como glycosidos cardiac?

  • Diureticos
  • Blockatores de canales de calcio
  • Antagonistas del recettore de aldosterona
  • Inotropicos (correct)

Quale de los sequentes medicamentos es un inodilator?

  • Furosemida
  • Telmisartan
  • Digoxina
  • Sildenafil (correct)

Quale mecanismo es implicato in la regulazione del pressione sanguinea?

  • Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona (correct)
  • Incremente del frequenza cardiac
  • Decremento del volume sanguineo
  • Inhibizione de la renina

Quale de estas es un tipo de diuretico?

<p>Diureticos thiazidici (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale opzione non describe un influent indirecte del function cardiac?

<p>Contractilitate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale classa de drogas resista a arritmias percorrente ao concepto de Vaughan Williams?

<p>Antidysrhythmic Class III (A), Antidysrhythmic Class I (C), Antidysrhythmic Class II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale receptores adrenergicos se trova principalmente in le corde e influentia le taxa cardiaca?

<p>β1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale de le sequente agonistas muscarinicos causa un aumento in le taxa cardiaca?

<p>Nessun agonista muscarinico (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale classa de antidysrhythmic drogas include antagonista de β-adrenoceptores?

<p>Class II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale de le sequente non es un effetto direct de le receptores muscarinicos M2?

<p>Bronchodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale de le sequente classes de drogas es considerate un antagonista de canalis de Ca2+?

<p>Class IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale classa de antidysrhythmic drogas es associada con bloqueadores de canalis K+?

<p>Class III (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo se intende per bradyarrhythmia?

<p>Un descenso excesivo del taxa cardiaca (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale recetores adrenergicos son principalmente implicate in bronchoconstriction?

<p>M3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le functione principal de antidysrhythmic drogas?

<p>Regolar le rhythmus cardiaco (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cardiac glycosides

Cardiac glycosides es un classe de medicamente que aumenta le fortia de contraction del corde. Il esseva usate pro le tractamento de insufficentia cardiac, ma il es rarmente usate hodie proque il ha multe effectos secundari.

Inodilatores

Inodilatores es un classe de medicamente que dilata le vasos sanguinee e aumenta le fortia de contraction del corde. Il es usate in le tractamento de insufficentia cardiac.

Diureticos

Le diureticos es un classe de medicamente que aumenta le excretion de urina. Reduction del volumine de sanguine diminue le pression sanguinee. Usate pro le tractamento de pression sanguinee alte e insufficentia cardiac.

Blocoatores del receptor de angiotensin II (ARB)

Le blocoatores del receptor de angiotensin II (ARB) es un classe de medicamente que bloque le action de angiotensin II. Angiotensin II es un hormona que stringe le vasos sanguinee. Le ARB es usate pro le tractamento de pression sanguinee alte e insufficentia cardiac.

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Blocoatores del canal de calcio

Le blocatores del canal de calcio reduce le concentration intracellular de calcio. Le calcio es un ion que causa contraction del musculo de musculo. Le blocatores del canal de calcio es usate pro le tractamento de pression sanguinee alte e angina pectoris.

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Action potential cardiac

Le action potential cardiac es le processo de depolarisation e repolarisation de un cellula cardiac, que causa le contraction del musculo cardiac.

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Classification de Vaughan Williams

Le classification de Vaughan Williams es un schema pro classificar le antidysrhythmic drogas basate sur su mechanismo de action.

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Drogas antidysrhythmic de classe I

Le drogas antidysrhythmic de classe I bloca le canales de sodio in le cellulas cardiac, reducente le velocitate de depolarisation.

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Drogas antidysrhythmic de classe II

Le drogas antidysrhythmic de classe II es beta-blockers, que bloca le receptores beta-adrenergic, reducente le activitate sympathetic del corde.

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Drogas antidysrhythmic de classe III

Le drogas antidysrhythmic de classe III bloca le canales de potassio in le cellulas cardiac, prolungante le repolarisation.

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Drogas antidysrhythmic de classe IV

Le drogas antidysrhythmic de classe IV es blockers de canales de calcio, que reduci le fluxo de calcio in le cellulas cardiac, reducente le fortia de contraction.

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Bradyarrhythmia

Bradyarrhythmia es un ritmo cardiac lente, usualmente causate per un problema con le nodo sinoatrial.

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Receptores adrenergic e muscarinic

Le receptores adrenergic e muscarinic es receptores in le corpore que es activate per neurotransmissores.

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Systemas sympathetic e parasympathetic

Le systemas sympathetic e parasympathetic es partes del system nervous autonomic, que controla le functiones automatic del corpore.

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Drogas antidysrhythmic

Le antidysrhythmic drogas es un gruppo de medicinas que es usate pro tractar arrhythmias cardiac.

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Study Notes

Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutics

  • This presentation covers therapeutics for cardiovascular disease in animals, particularly dogs, cats, and horses.
  • The presenter, Dr. Martin Hawes, is a senior lecturer in veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

Learning Outcomes

  • Students will learn about the principle functional problems caused by cardiovascular diseases.
  • They will learn about different classes of medication for treating these diseases.
  • They will identify drugs used to modify heart rate and rhythm.
  • They will identify peripherally active drugs to improve cardiovascular treatment.
  • The presentation covers possible treatments for common diseases in dogs, cats, and horses.
  • The presentation links to modules on heart and blood flow (VMS1005).
  • It also links to modules on cardiovascular structure and function (VMS1006).
  • Another linked module is on cardiovascular responses to chronic strain (VMS2004).

Functional Problems of the Cardiovascular System

  • This section focuses on the functional issues related to cardiovascular diseases.

Drugs Affecting Cardiac Function

  • Drugs affecting cardiac function are categorized into those acting directly on myocardial cells (e.g., antidysrhythmics and inotropes).
  • The other category is drugs which act indirectly (e.g. RAAS, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers).

Antidysrhythmic Drugs

  • This section covers antidysrhythmic drugs, their mechanisms of action, and examples are detailed.
  • One type of antidysrhythmic drug is those that block sodium channels (Class I drugs)
  • The other type of antidysrhythmic drug is those that block potassium channels (Class III drugs)
  • Another type of antidysrhythmic drug is those that block calcium channels (Class IV drugs)
  • Another type is beta blockers (Class II drugs)
  • Antidysrhythmic medication is summarized in relation to different cardiac rhythm issues.

Cardiac Glycosides

  • Cardiac glycosides, derived from foxgloves, are crucial cardiac medication for animals.
  • They increase the force of contraction, slow heart rate, increase cardiac output, and have a narrow therapeutic window.
  • Their mechanism involves blocking the Na+/K+ pump.
  • The presentation also notes that cats are more sensitive to these drugs.

Inodilators

  • Inodilators can potentially improve cardiovascular function for animals with specific conditions.
  • These drugs combine both inotropic and vasodilatory effects.

Other Drugs Increasing Myocardial Contraction

  • Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine used in emergencies to address hypotension during procedures.

Diuretics

  • Diuretics decrease fluid volume to improve cardiac function.
  • Specific types of diuretics, like loop diuretics and thiazides, work differently but may be combined or used in different stages.

Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists

  • Aldosterone receptor antagonists, like spironolactone, are used to manage CHF, especially with low potassium (hypokalaemic) conditions.

Thiazide Diuretics

  • These diuretics are less potent than loop diuretics and are used in specific cases, secondary conditions or stage 3 heart conditions.

Calcium Channel Blockers

  • Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - Dogs and Cats

  • Different treatments and issues for different stages of CHF are listed.

Key Points

  • Summarized key learning objectives and points regarding cardiovascular disease therapeutics.

Further Reading

  • Citations provided for detailed study material used for this topic.

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Cardiovascular Therapeutics PDF

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