Therapeutic Communication in PACU
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Questions and Answers

What are effective methods to enhance therapeutic communication?

  • Establishing a comfortable eye level with the patient (correct)
  • Using complex medical terminology to convey information
  • Rushing through the conversation to save time
  • Avoiding reflection to prevent misunderstandings
  • Which of the following can lead to nonadherence to treatment plans?

  • Choosing not to involve family in the treatment process (correct)
  • Engaging with healthcare providers regularly
  • Understanding financial responsibilities
  • Having limited knowledge about the treatment options (correct)
  • What role does education level play in therapeutic communication?

  • It is irrelevant as all patients understand the same concepts
  • It determines the need for visual aids and clear explanations (correct)
  • It can increase the complexity of the message being communicated
  • It only affects the tone used by the healthcare professional
  • Which of the following teaching methods is most effective for patient understanding?

    <p>Using visuals and engaging the patient in the learning process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of negative reinforcement in therapeutic communication?

    <p>Using pressure to ensure compliance with treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most critical focus during Phase 1 of recovery in the PACU?

    <p>Respiration and airway management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is NOT appropriate during Phase 1 of recovery in the PACU?

    <p>Providing oral pain medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Lewy body dementia as compared to other types of dementia?

    <p>It involves abnormal protein deposits known as Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients recovering from surgery, bronchospasms are most commonly observed in which phase?

    <p>Phase 1 post-anesthesia care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for managing bronchospasms in the PACU?

    <p>Albuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dementia involves overlapping symptoms of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Mixed dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of dementia that can impact daily functioning?

    <p>Problems with memory and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the recovery process in the PACU, which sign indicating a potential complication should be closely monitored?

    <p>Changes in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of taking certain medications such as antidepressants and antipsychotics?

    <p>Increased fall risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient experiencing mild cognitive impairment?

    <p>Reorientate the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected duration of assistance needed for activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with severe cognitive decline?

    <p>1-3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of grief involves the individual beginning to deal with the void left by a loss?

    <p>Resolving loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kubler-Ross, what is the first stage of the grieving process?

    <p>Shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Uniform Determination of Death Act of 1981 define as death?

    <p>Irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive assessment tools are mentioned as part of the geriatric depression scale?

    <p>CAMDOSS, Mini-cog, MMSE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of cognitive decline are individuals likely to experience pronounced memory loss and difficulty with activities of daily living?

    <p>Moderate decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neologism?

    <p>An alteration in speech where a fictitious word has meaning only to the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSD?

    <p>Disrupted modulation within the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)?

    <p>To ensure the safe use of drugs through specific actions and safeguards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of therapeutic management for PTSD?

    <p>Electroconvulsive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effects are commonly associated with lithium usage?

    <p>Diarrhea, fine hand tremor, and weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the kindling process refer to in relation to seizures?

    <p>The tendency for minor seizure activity to escalate into more severe seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which screening tool is used for evaluating anxiety in children?

    <p>Preschool anxiety scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of half-life in pharmacology?

    <p>The time it takes for half the drug to be removed from the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant carries a risk for spina bifida?

    <p>Valproic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a criterion for diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

    <p>Hypomania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Bipolar I disorder?

    <p>Primarily manic episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has the highest suicide risk according to age demographics?

    <p>65 and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should NOT be included in nursing interventions for a patient experiencing mania?

    <p>Encouraging competitive situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are commonly associated with an increase in symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder?

    <p>Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of hypomania?

    <p>Elation without psychotic features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often linked with the development of Bipolar Disorder?

    <p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Therapeutic Communication

    • Essential components include clarification, attitude, tone, eye level, and speed of speech.
    • Understanding patient factors: education level, literacy, culture, age, and setting boundaries.
    • Minimize distractions and recognize nonverbal cues to enhance interaction.
    • Address nonadherence by assessing education, financial ability, and support systems to understand reasons behind noncompliance.
    • Employ diverse teaching methods: teach-back, visuals, pamphlets, videos, drawings, activities, lectures.
    • Discuss expectations before, during, and after treatment and encourage patients to write down questions.
    • Positive reinforcement promotes good behavior; negative reinforcement may involve intimidation but sometimes necessary based on patient response.

    Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

    • Divided into two phases:
      • Phase 1: One-on-one monitoring of airway, respiration, bleeding, and vital signs immediately post-surgery.
      • Watch for potential shock signs, pain management, and nausea prevention methods.
      • Phase 2: Transition to MedSurg for discharge preparation; chest X-ray may be needed for fluid overload.
    • Bronchospasms are common post-surgery; treatments include inhaled racemic epinephrine, nebulizers, and albuterol.

    Dementia Overview

    • Types include vascular dementia (post-stroke), Lewy body dementia with abnormal protein deposits, mixed dementia, and Alzheimer’s characterized by amyloid plaques and tau tangles.
    • Symptoms typically include memory issues, behavioral changes, and daily functioning difficulties.
    • Treatment focuses on symptom management and quality of life enhancement.
    • Fall risk increased due to medications; use tools like Geriatric Depression Scale, CAMDOSS, or MMSE for assessment.
    • Levels of dementia range from mild to severe and may require assistance with daily living activities as condition progresses.

    Grief and Loss

    • Engel's stages of grief: shock, awareness, restitution, resolving loss, idealization, and outcome.
    • Kubler-Ross model outlines five stages: shock, denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.
    • The Uniform Determination of Death Act (1981) defines criteria for irreversible death.

    Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

    • Diagnosis requires at least two weeks of symptoms like significant weight changes, insomnia, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness.
    • More prevalent in women, especially those who are single or divorced; associated with reduced neurotransmitter activity.
    • Zulresso (brexanolone) administration involves a 60-hour infusion with careful dosage management.

    Bipolar Disorder

    • Characterized by manic episodes lasting at least one week, symptoms may include decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and increased activity.
    • Bipolar I involves more mania, while Bipolar II includes primarily depressive episodes with hypomania.
    • Nursing interventions for mania focus on safety, structure, and minimizing stimuli, along with providing comforting environments.

    Suicide Risk Factors

    • Highest risk in individuals aged 65 and older, with significant increases in those aged 45-65.
    • Associated with mental health disorders (e.g., depression, PTSD), chronic illness, and impulsive behaviors.

    Other Psychological Concepts

    • Neologism refers to unique words with personal meaning to the individual.
    • PTSD is an anxiety disorder triggered by traumatic events, characterized by physiologic arousal when exposed to related stimuli, often needing a combination of medications and therapy.

    Pharmacology Terms

    • Efficacy: maximum therapeutic effect a drug can achieve.
    • Potency: amount of drug required to attain its maximum effect.
    • Half-life: time taken for the concentration of a drug to reduce to half in the bloodstream.

    Personality and Seizure Disorders

    • Histrionic personality disorder involves pervasive attention-seeking behaviors and exaggerated emotional expression.
    • The kindling process refers to escalating seizure activity following minor episodes.
    • Lithium is used to stabilize mood but carries risks including gastrointestinal distress and potential toxicity requiring monitoring.
    • Propranolol is sometimes prescribed to alleviate lithium-induced tremors.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of therapeutic communication, including clarification, understanding patient factors, and methods to enhance interaction in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. Learn about monitoring techniques, addressing nonadherence, and promoting positive patient behavior. Test your knowledge on effective communication strategies in a clinical setting.

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