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Questions and Answers
What is the fundamental motive of life according to Object Relations theory?
Which term refers to the mental image an individual has of themselves and others based on early experiences?
In Object Relations theory, what is the term for the process where a person induces others to behave in predictable patterns?
What does the term 'Pathogenic Introject' refer to in Object Relations theory?
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Which aspect of countertransference involves the therapist's feelings induced by the patient that are central to underlying conflicts?
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What defense mechanism is associated with viewing things as all bad or all good in borderline personality disorder?
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What is a common symptom of Borderline Personality Disorder related to emotions?
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Which personality disorder is characterized by a deep suspicion of mistrust?
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What is the main difference between the real self and false self in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder?
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Which defense mechanism is associated with feeling constantly threatened by abandonment and displays a need to be near or in contact with others to avoid those feelings?
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Study Notes
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
- Etiology: Object relations theory, characterized by dependency and ego defense splitting (all bad or all good)
- Insecure ego leads to bad self-concept, dysregulation, and instability in relationships, mood, and self-image
- Emotions: Erratic idealization vs. contemptuous anger
- Behavior: Unpredictable, impulsive, and self-damaging (spending, sex, substance abuse)
- Fragmented View of Self: Chronic fears of abandonment, depression, emptiness, and self-mutilating behavior
Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder
- Sarcastic, quick to take offense (noisy borderline)
- Chronic fears of abandonment, depression, and emptiness
- Self-mutilating behavior
- Unpredictable and impulsive behavior
Object Relations Theory
- James Masterson, M.D.: No object constancy, difficulty evoking image of attachment object
- Clinging defense: constant text/call, need to be near/drive by to ward off feelings of abandonment
- Stay in destructive relationships to avoid being alone
- Personality structure based on reward and withdrawal
Defenses of Borderline Personality Disorder
- Devaluation
- Omnipotence
- Primitive idealization
- Projective identification
- Splitting (things into all good vs. all bad)
Real Self vs. False Self
- Real Self: authentic self, true to inner feelings, thoughts, and desires
- False Self: adopted to please others, not true to inner feelings
- BPD individuals lack a true self
Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Extremely emotional, seeking to be center of attention
- Appraisal and praise = life blood
- Described as vain, self-centered, and demanding
- Etiology: cold parents left them feeling unloved, deep-seated feeling of loss
- Defend against by creating crisis
Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Characteristics: Deep suspicion and mistrust
- Inaccurate and exaggerated perceptions of others
- Etiology: cold parents, deep-seated feeling of loss
Object Relations and Attachment
- John Bowlby, M.D.: Attachment theory, the fundamental motive of life is people seeking satisfactory relationships
- Internal Object: remnants of early experience, mental image of self and others
- Pathogenic Introject: diseased internal object, imprint of memory of figure that is not good
Projective Identification and Relational Stance
- Projective Identification: patterns of interpersonal behavior in which a person induces others to behave/respond in a predictable pattern
- Relational Stance: metacommunication, induction, dependency, power, sexuality, and ingratiation patterns
- Countertransference: objective and subjective feelings patients induce in therapists, arising from the therapist's previous issues.
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Description
Test your knowledge on therapeutic communication focusing on the 'how' and 'why' of interactions, as well as understanding object relations theories like internal objects and attachment styles.
