30 Questions
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is NOT one of the lower-level needs?
Esteem needs
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-actualisation needs according to Maslow?
They are deficiency needs
According to Bargh, what can become activated and guide behavior outside of awareness?
Implicit motives
What did Deci derive his theory about children's needs for challenge and mastery from?
Robert White's work
According to the psychodynamic perspective, what are the two basic drives that motivate humans?
Self-preservation and sex
Why did Freud change his initial proposal of self-preservation as a basic drive to aggression?
He observed the influence of aggression in 'civilised' societies
What is the main emphasis of the psychodynamic perspective on motivation?
The biological basis of motivation
How have psychodynamic views of motivation evolved since Freud's death?
They have incorporated new theories and advancements
According to self-determination theory, intrinsic motivation flourishes when which of the following needs are fulfilled?
Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
What is the potential effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation, according to Deci's prediction?
Rewards can stifle intrinsic pleasure in learning
How does a supportive social environment impact the development of intrinsic motivation?
It fosters the development of intrinsic motivation
What is the main focus of self-determination theory?
The degree to which an individual's behavior is self-motivated and self-determined
What did the research by the Australian Catholic University show about students' sense of competence?
It predicted all three learning outcomes
What is the core proposition of goal-setting theory?
Conscious goals regulate much of human behavior
What conditions are necessary for maximum job performance according to goal-setting theory?
Believing they have the ability to attain the goal
What did Edward Deci's research on rewarding people for performing behaviors show?
Rewarding people increases the likelihood that they will perform the behaviors in the future
Which two motives have psychodynamic theorists emphasized in addition to sexual and aggressive desires?
The need for relatedness and self-esteem
What is the distinction between wishes and fears in psychodynamic theory?
Wishes represent obvious and commonplace desires, while fears represent less obvious and unconscious desires.
What is the purpose of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) in studying unconscious motives?
To identify motivational themes expressed in stories and predict future behavior.
What is the difference between implicit motives and explicit motives?
Implicit motives are predictive of long-term entrepreneurial success, while explicit motives are predictive of effort and success in laboratory tasks.
According to Maslow, self-actualised individuals
are preoccupied with satisfying their growth needs
What are growth needs according to the text?
Motives to expand and develop one's skills and abilities
Which of the following is NOT a need that can be satisfied by going to work according to the text?
Self-actualisation needs
What is the relationship between needs and behaviors according to the text?
Behaviors can reflect multiple needs at the same time
Who are examples of self-actualised individuals according to the text?
Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr, and Mother Teresa
According to Maslow, what happens when people are primarily focused on motives at one level?
They are unable to develop beyond that level
According to drive-reduction theories, motivation stems from a combination of drive and reinforcement, and is based on the concept of homoeostasis.
Homoeostasis
What is the main difference between implicit motivation and explicit motivation?
Implicit motivation is expressed without conscious effort or awareness, while explicit motivation becomes activated when people focus conscious attention on tasks and goals.
What is a secondary drive?
A drive learned through conditioning and other learning mechanisms such as modeling.
According to expectancy–value theory, what drives motivation?
The value people place on an outcome and the extent to which they believe they can attain it.
Theories of Motivation Quiz: Test your knowledge on influential theories of motivation, including Deci's theory on innate needs for challenge and mastery and Jonathan Bargh's cognitive approach. Explore the compatibility of these theories with humanistic approaches to personality and gain a deeper understanding of motivation in various contexts.
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