Theories of Motivation Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the Classical Theory of Motivation state?

Workers seek social interactions

Money is the sole motivator for workers (correct)

Employees are motivated by job satisfaction

Promotion opportunities are the key motivators

Who were the key figures associated with the Classical Theory of Motivation?

Frederick W. Taylor, Frank Gilbreth, Lillian Gilbreth

What is the main concept behind linking workers' pay to their output?

Incentive

The Classical Theory of Motivation aims to improve productivity through __________________.

specialization Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the Hawthorne Studies?

Human relations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings was associated with the Hawthorne Studies?

Productivity increased regardless of physical conditions Signup and view all the answers

What does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs include?

Physiological, Security, Social, Esteem, Self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

What are the two factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

Hygiene and motivational Signup and view all the answers

What does Hygiene refer to in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

Adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the motivational factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

Achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility, and advancement Signup and view all the answers

McGregor's Theory X suggests that workers generally enjoy their jobs.

False Signup and view all the answers

McGregor's Theory Y states that with the right conditions, employees will seek out responsibility.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does McGregor's Theory Z emphasize?

Employee participation in decision making Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Equity Theory in employee motivation?

Fairness of rewards Signup and view all the answers

According to Expectancy Theory, what must a worker believe to contribute?

There is a likelihood of getting a reward Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Theory of Motivation

Money is viewed as the sole motivator for workers.
Originated in the early 20th century by key figures like Frederick W. Taylor and Frank & Lillian Gilbreth.
Emphasizes direct linkage between workers' pay and their output.
Aims to improve productivity through specialization, determining optimal task performance methods, and specifying desired output levels.

Hawthorne Studies

Conducted at Hawthorne Works Plant around 1925, focusing on human relations.
Led by Elton Mayo, findings indicated that physical workplace conditions alone do not dictate productivity; instead, social and psychological factors play a significant role.
The "Hawthorne effect" refers to workers increasing productivity due to heightened attention they received during the studies.

Historical Perspectives on Employee Motivation

The evolution of motivation theories is highlighted by both the Hawthorne Studies and Classical Theory of Motivation.

Theories of Employee Motivation

Includes multiple theories: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, McGregor's Theory X and Y, Theory Z, Equity Theory, and Expectancy Theory.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Arranges human needs into a pyramid: physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization, indicating the order of fulfillment.

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Categorizes factors affecting job satisfaction into Hygiene (e.g., wages, working conditions) and Motivational (e.g., achievement, recognition, responsibility).

Hygiene Factors

Essential for preventing dissatisfaction includes adequate wages, safe working conditions, fair policies, and job security.

Motivational Factors

Contribute to job satisfaction and include recognition, achievement, involvement, responsibility, and opportunities for advancement.

McGregor's Theory X

Asserts that workers generally dislike work and require coercion to perform tasks.

McGregor's Theory Y

Posits that workers find work inherently fulfilling and will seek responsibility when provided with supportive conditions.

McGregor's Theory Z

Emphasizes employee participation in decision-making processes and incorporates aspects of Japanese management practices.

Japanese Management Approach

Focuses on building trust and fostering intimacy within the workplace.

Variations on Theory Z

Adoption of self-directed work teams, often referred to as quality circles.

Quality Circles

Small teams (5-8 members) involved in discussions to reduce waste, solve problems, enhance quality, communication, and overall job satisfaction.

Equity Theory

Suggests that individuals’ contributions to an organization are influenced by perceptions of fairness in reward distribution.

Expectancy Theory

Proposes that a worker’s motivation to contribute is contingent upon the perceived likelihood of receiving an award for their efforts.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Classical Theory of Motivation with these flashcards. Explore key concepts, historical figures like Frederick W. Taylor, and the idea of linking pay to output. Perfect for those studying psychology or management theories.