Theories of Intelligence

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

According to Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, what does the 'g' factor represent?

  • Specific skills unique to an individual activity
  • The sum of all learned knowledge
  • A general intellectual ability shared across all cognitive tasks (correct)
  • The ability to adapt to new situations
  • Specific tasks that are not related

Spearman believed that tests measuring one's 'g' factor should focus on concrete, factual knowledge rather than abstract relations.

False (B)

Name one of the two tests mentioned as being constructed as measures of 'g'.

Raven's Progressive Matrices or Culture Fair Intelligence Test

Unlike Spearman, Thurstone proposed that specific ______ intellectual abilities are more important than the general factor.

<p>'s'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Thurstone's view on intelligence?

<p>Intelligence is comprised of several independent primary mental abilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match Thurstone's primary mental abilities with their descriptions:

<p>Verbal Comprehension = Ability to understand written and spoken language Word Fluency = Ability to rapidly generate words Number = Ability to solve arithmetic problems Space = Ability to visualize spatial relationships Associative Memory = Ability to memorize and recall information Perceptual Speed = Ability to quickly identify visual similarities and differences Inductive Reasoning = Ability to identify rules and patterns from observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Guilford’s Structure of Intellect model classifies intellectual traits along two dimensions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Guilford's Structure of Intellect model, which dimension refers to the nature of materials and information being processed?

<p>Contents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the structure of Intellect model, how many categories of intellectual tasks are there?

<p>180</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Vernon's Hierarchical Model of Mental Abilities, the general cognitive factor (g) is composed of two major group factors: verbal-educational and ______.

<p>practical-mechanical-spatial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the practical-mechanical-spatial group in Vernon's hierarchical model?

<p>Verbal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluid and Crystallized intelligence both entail the ability to perceive relationships, but they are expressed in the exactly same way.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence, according to the theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence, is more influenced by education and experience?

<p>Crystallized Intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At approximately what age does Fluid intelligence tend to peak, according to theories of intelligence?

<p>14 or 15</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crystallized intelligence refers to acquired skills and ______.

<p>knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which component involves planning, monitoring, and evaluating problem-solving strategies?

<p>Metacomponents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Performance components are used to plan, monitor, and evaluate problem-solving strategies

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the three knowledge-acquisition components described.

<p>selective encoding, selective combination, or selective comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the knowledge-acquisition components with their descriptions:

<p>Selective Encoding = Detects relevant facts not immediately obvious Selective Combination = Sees a way of combining facts Selective Comparison = Combines old and new information</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the triarchic theory, the ability to formulate new ideas by combining seemingly unrelated facts or information is called ______ intelligence.

<p>experiential</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the triarchic theory, which best describes contextual intelligence?

<p>The ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gardner believed that the brain did not evolve specific systems for different adaptive abilities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Howard Gardner defined intelligence as...

<p>The ability to solve problems or create products valued within one or more cultural settings (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three of Gardner's nine intelligences.

<p>Linguistic, Logical-mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily-kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic, Existentialist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gardner's theory asserts the brain has evolved separate ______ for different adaptive abilities, such as musical or spatial skills.

<p>systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intelligences, according to Gardner's theory, involves the ability to understand and interact effectively with others?

<p>Interpersonal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the existing theories of intelligence is completely correct.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The value of future intelligence theories will be determined by their effectiveness in...

<p>Predicting and explaining human learning and thinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the determining factor for the value of future theories of intelligence?

<p>effectiveness in predicting and explaining human learning and thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Future theories of intelligence will be valued based on their effectiveness in predicting and explaining human ______ and thinking.

<p>learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the theorists with their corresponding theories of intelligence:

<p>Charles Spearman = Two-Factor Theory L.L. Thurstone = Multiple-Factor Theory J.P. Guilford = Structure of Intellect Model Philip Vernon = Hierarchical Model of Mental Abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Guilford's model there are a 5x5x5 categories of different intellectual tasks

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence and Thurstone's multiple-factor theory of intelligence?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the mental abilities that Thurstone proposed.

<p>Word Fluency or Number or Space or Associative Memory or Perceptual Speed or Inductive Reasoning or Verbal Comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Two-Factor Theory

All intellectual abilities share a common factor, 'g', and numerous specific 's' factors, each tied to a single activity.

Two-Factor Theory Application

Psychological tests should measure the amount of each individual's 'g', especially tests dealing with abstract relations.

Measures of 'g'

Raven's Progressive Matrices and the Culture Fair Intelligence Test.

Multiple-Factor Theory

Specific "s" intellectual abilities; they outweigh global ones like "g".

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Mental Abilities

Verbal comprehension, word fluency, number, space, associative memory, perceptual speed, and inductive reasoning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structure of Intellect Model

Box-like model classifying intellectual traits across three dimensions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structure of Intellect - Operations

What a respondent does.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structure of Intellect - Contents

Nature of materials and information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structure of Intellect - Products

Form in which information is processed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hierarchical Model

Tree-shaped model composed of 'g' with verbal-educational and practical-mechanical-spatial group factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fluid Intelligence

More biologically determined; applied to adapt to new situations and peaks around age 14 or 15.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crystallized Intelligence

Refers to acquired skills and knowledge; develops from fluid intelligence applied to a specific environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metacomponents

Executive components of intelligence used to plan, monitor, and evaluate problem-solving strategies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Performance Components

Implementation segment of intelligence; used to infer relations, apply these relations to new stimuli, and compare attributes to stimuli.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge-acquisition Components

Ability to acquire and use knowledge

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selective Encoding

Detects relevant facts not immediately obvious

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selective Combination

Sees a way of combining facts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selective Comparison

Combines old and new information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Experiential

Ability to formulate new ideas by combining seemingly unrelated facts or information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multiple Intelligences

The brain has evolved separate systems for different adaptive abilities, talents, or mental skills that he calls "intelligences".

Signup and view all the flashcards

The 9 Intelligences

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existentialist.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Study notes on the theories of intelligence are summarized below:

Two-Factor Theory (Charles Spearman)

  • Intellectual abilities share a common factor called the general factor "g."
  • Specific "s" factors are each strictly specific to a single activity.
  • Psychological tests should measure the amount of each individual's "g."
  • Tests dealing with abstract relations are the best measures of "g."
  • Raven's Progressive Matrices and Culture Fair Intelligence Test are two tests to measure "g."

Multiple-Factor Theory (L.L. Thurstone)

  • Specific "s" intellectual abilities are more important than global ones like "g."
  • There are group factors that are related.
  • Labeled 7 primary mental abilities:
    • Verbal Comprehension
    • Word Fluency
    • Number
    • Space
    • Associative Memory
    • Perceptual Speed
    • Inductive Reasoning

Structure of Intellect Mode (J.P. Guilford)

  • Boxlike model of intelligence classifying intellectual traits along three dimensions:
  • Operations: What a respondent does.
  • Contents: Nature of materials and information.
  • Products: Form in which information is processed.
  • Includes 6x5x6 categories, or 180 cells of different intellectual tasks.
  • One test designed on the S-I model is the Structure of Intellect Learning Abilities Test.

Hierarchical Model of Mental Abilities (Philip Vernon)

  • Tree-shaped model composed of a general cognitive factor (g) with two major group factors:
  • Verbal-educational (v:ed): Verbal and Numerical factors.
  • Practical-mechanical-spatial (k:m): Mechanical Information, Spatial, and Psychomotor abilities.

Fluid & Crystallized Intelligence

  • 2 types of intelligence entail the ability to perceive relationships but are distinct in other ways.
  • Fluid: Genetically determined and nonverbal/culture free.
  • Changes less over short periods, adversely affected by brain injuries, requires adaptation to new situations.
  • Peaks around age 14 or 15.
  • Crystallized: Acquired skills and knowledge, develops from application of fluid intelligence and is influenced by education factors.
  • Develops until age 25-30.

Triarchic Model of Intelligence

  • Intellectual skills and thinking skills are inseparable.
  • Triarchic model consists of 3 elements that explain what intelligence involves:
  • Componential Information.
  • Metacomponents: Executive components of used to plan, monitor and evaluate problem solving.
  • Performance Components: Used to infer relations, apply to new stimuli and compare attributes to stimuli.
  • Knowledge-acquisition Components include selective encoding, combination and comparison.
  • Experiential: Ability to formulate new ideas by combining seemingly unrelated facts.
  • Contextual: Ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

  • The brain evolved separate systems for different adaptive abilities and talents
  • Intelligence is the ability to solve problems or create valued products in one or more cultural settings.
  • The 9 Intelligences:
    • Linguistic
    • Logical-mathematical
    • Spatial
    • Musical
    • Bodily-kinesthetic
    • Intra-personal
    • Interpersonal
    • Naturalistic
    • Existentialist

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser