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Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of 'Rieko mar kite'?
What is the meaning of 'Rieko mar kite'?
What quality does 'Lauro' encompass?
What quality does 'Lauro' encompass?
What does 'Reiko mar lupo' refer to?
What does 'Reiko mar lupo' refer to?
Which term can be translated as intelligence, smartness, knowledge, ability, skill, competence, and power?
Which term can be translated as intelligence, smartness, knowledge, ability, skill, competence, and power?
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What should people have to lead a happy life according to the text?
What should people have to lead a happy life according to the text?
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Which quality was always mentioned as necessary in response to questions about a good child?
Which quality was always mentioned as necessary in response to questions about a good child?
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'Reiko mar ot' refers to what competence mentioned in the text?
'Reiko mar ot' refers to what competence mentioned in the text?
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'Reiko mzungu' is associated with what in the text?
'Reiko mzungu' is associated with what in the text?
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'Reiko mar yath' is linked to which knowledge described in the text?
'Reiko mar yath' is linked to which knowledge described in the text?
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'Luoro' represents which concept according to the text?
'Luoro' represents which concept according to the text?
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Study Notes
Psychology of Behaviour
- At the beginning of the 20th century, psychology was defined as the science of behaviour.
- John Watson popularized the term "behaviour".
- William McDougall developed the theory of instinct and social psychology in the English-speaking world.
- Walter Bowers Pillsbury's "Essentials of Psychology" (1911) defined psychology as the "study of behaviour".
Definitions of Psychology
- According to Robert Sessions Woodworth, "psychology lost its soul, then its mind, then its consciousness, but it still has behaviour of a sort".
- Burrhus Frederic Skinner defined psychology as "the science of behaviour and experience".
Theories of Intelligence
- Every measurement of intelligence is based on a theory, whether explicit or implicit.
- Theories of intelligence can be obvious or hidden.
- Examples of intelligence tests include the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
Factor Analysis
- Charles Spearman invented factor analysis to identify the sources of individual differences underlying test scores.
- Spearman's Two-Factor Theory proposes that:
- The first factor, g (general intelligence), is related to problem-solving.
- The second factor, s (specific mental abilities), is related to verbal or math skills.
Criticisms of g Theory
- Theorists argue that a general factor is obtained in tests of intelligence because the tests are limited to academic and artificial tasks.
- The appearance of a general factor may be due to mathematical regularity rather than a real underlying factor.
The Theory of Primary Mental Abilities
- Louis Thurstone proposed a theory of primary mental abilities, which includes seven mental abilities.
- The seven primary mental abilities are:
- Verbal Comprehension (involves understanding verbal material)
- Verbal Fluency (rapidly producing words, sentences, and other verbal material)
Eastern and Western Conceptions of Intelligence
- Eastern conceptions of intelligence, such as Confucian and Taoist perspectives, emphasize benevolence, humility, and lifelong learning.
- Western conceptions of intelligence, on the other hand, emphasize academic achievement and enthusiasm for learning.
- Studies have found that Taiwanese Chinese conceptions of intelligence differ from Western conceptions, with factors such as interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and intellectual self-effacement.
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Description
Learn about Charles Spearman's Two-factor Theory of Intelligence, which distinguishes between general intelligence (g factor) and specific mental abilities (s factor) like verbal or math skills. Explore how factor analysis is used to identify sources of individual differences in test scores.
