Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a theoretical perspective on human development?
According to Environmentalism, human beings are passive and development is only through environmental experiences.
True
Who introduced the idea of the human mind as a 'blank slate'?
John Locke
What is B.F. Skinner known for in his theories?
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What does Social Learning Theory emphasize?
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The idea that adults shape children's behavior according to socially accepted standards is part of _____ perspective.
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Which of the following theories suggests that human beings are active in determining their development?
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Study Notes
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing
- Nursing is grounded in various developmental theories that influence practice and understanding of human growth.
- Three main theoretical perspectives shape human development: Environmentalism, Organismic perspective, and Psychoanalytic perspective.
Developmental Theories
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Environmentalism: Humans are seen as products of their environment, emphasizing the role of external influences in shaping individuals.
- Notable figures include John Locke, who proposed that the human mind is a "Blank Slate" at birth.
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Organismic Perspective: Suggests individuals actively participate in their own development, with interactions between the organism and its surroundings.
- Highlights the coexistence of biology and environment in growth processes.
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Psychoanalytic Perspective: Focuses on the emotional and impulsive aspects of human behavior, portraying development as a compromise between individual needs and societal expectations.
Modern Perspectives in Development
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Environmentalism:
- Views humans as passive, shaped entirely by environmental experiences.
- Cultural anthropology highlights variations in child-rearing practices influenced by cultural values.
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Behaviorism:
- Initiated by John B. Watson, which focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental states.
- B.F. Skinner introduced operant conditioning, emphasizing the role of rewards and punishments in learning behavior.
- Albert Bandura's social learning theory underscores that behavior can be learned through observation, promoting imitation based on modeled actions.
Insights into Behaviorism
- John B. Watson: Advocated for the objective study of behavior, limiting focus to learned behaviors.
- B.F. Skinner: Defined key concepts of reinforcement and consequences that affect behavioral frequency.
- Albert Bandura: Introduced the model of social learning, where individuals learn by observing others’ behaviors and their outcomes.
Cultural Anthropology in Development
- Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict explored how cultural values impact child-rearing practices, leading to diverse adult characteristics.
- Their work emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural context in developmental processes.
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Description
Explore the theoretical perspectives that form the foundation of nursing practice. This quiz covers developmental theories including Environmentalism, Organismic perspective, and Psychoanalytic perspective. Enhance your understanding of human development in the context of nursing.
