Intro to Nursing Exam 2 Blueprint
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Questions and Answers

At what age should meats be introduced to an infant?

  • 6 months
  • 9 months (correct)
  • 15 months
  • 12 months

    • What is a recommended sleeping position for infants to reduce the risk of SIDS?

  • On their sides
  • On their stomachs
  • In a sitting position
  • On their backs (correct)

    • What developmental milestone occurs between 9-14 months of age according to Piaget's cognitive theory?

  • Trust vs. mistrust
  • Moral reasoning
  • Object permanence (correct)
  • Formation of full sentences

    • How many hours of sleep do infants require by the time they reach one year of age?

    <p>12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase best describes toddlers' understanding of sharing during parallel play?

    <p>Sharing is ignored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of toddlers' speech development by the age of four?

    <p>They form full sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates how infants show bonding with caregivers?

    <p>Smiling upon hearing a familiar voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infants who are classified as having no understanding of morality according to Kohlberg?

    <p>Amoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cephalocaudal' describe in growth?

    <p>Growth that occurs from head to tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically triple their birth weight?

    <p>By 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories focuses on the moral reasoning process in determining right and wrong?

    <p>Moral Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily increase in weight for infants during their first 6 weeks of life?

    <p>5-7 oz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental stage occurs during the ages of 2 to 4 years according to Piaget's schema?

    <p>Pre-operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the 'proximodistal' pattern of growth?

    <p>Growth that starts from the midline and extends outward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended calorie intake for infants during their first year?

    <p>110-120 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Erikson's theory is related to emotional development in early childhood?

    <p>Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of sleep for children aged 6 to 12 years?

    <p>10-12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental stage according to Erikson is relevant for children aged 3 to 6 years?

    <p>Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do girls typically begin their pre-pubescent growth spurt?

    <p>10-12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive characteristic is associated with Piaget's pre-operational stage?

    <p>Intuitive thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nutrition requirement for children in the age group of 6-12 years?

    <p>2400 calories per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During play, children often engage in which kind of activities?

    <p>Imitative role play and creative activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following safety measures is necessary for children when engaging in sports or swimming?

    <p>Wearing protective gear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological aspect is highlighted in Kohlberg's theory for children in the 6-12 year age range?

    <p>Instrumental purpose and exchange morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the physical development of young adults?

    <p>They are in peak physical condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the outcomes of the intimacy versus isolation stage in Erikson's psychosocial development?

    <p>Potential for depression due to lack of connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Piaget's formal operations relate to intelligence in young adults?

    <p>They typically exhibit fluid intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following might young adults experience as a result of engaging in risky behaviors?

    <p>Unintended pregnancy and STI infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of sleep for young adults?

    <p>6-8 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental stage reflects Kohlberg's post-conventional morality?

    <p>Principled actions for the sake of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of poor nutrition in young adults who often eat fast foods?

    <p>Reduction in energy levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what BMI range is an individual considered obese?

    <p>30 or greater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of decreased metabolism in middle-aged adults?

    <p>Weight settling in the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these behaviors can help alleviate issues related to the aging process?

    <p>Regular exercise such as walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial challenge do middle-aged adults face according to Erikson's theory?

    <p>Generativity vs Stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive development stage do middle-aged adults generally operate in, according to Piaget?

    <p>Formal operations with crystallized intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As older adults age, which of the following health risks significantly increases?

    <p>Increased risk of respiratory infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutritional changes are typically needed for older adults?

    <p>Higher emphasis on fiber and balanced nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sleeping pattern is common among older adults?

    <p>They require 5-6 hours of sleep nightly but may nap often.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of social isolation in older adults?

    <p>Increased risk of abuse and neglect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main risks that decreased balance and vision present for older adults?

    <p>Risk for falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental task is expected of older adults according to Erikson's theory?

    <p>Integrity vs Despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Kohlberg's stage of moral development, what principle do older adults generally adhere to?

    <p>Universal ethical principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intelligence is characterized by elders recounting events with detail and wisdom, provided they do not suffer from cognitive decline?

    <p>Crystallized intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Improved reasoning skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dementia heavily linked to in older adults?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the nature of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>A disease with no known cause or cure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one approach to help manage symptoms of Alzheimer's or dementia?

    <p>Providing medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intro Exam 2 Blueprint

    • Intro to Nursing course, The University of Texas at El Paso
    • Blueprint for exam 2 content

    Chapter 1: Growth and Development

    • Nature: Growth and development forces that are genetically inherited

    • Nurture: Forces that evolve with environmental exposure

    • Growth: Increase in size or number

    • Cephalocaudal: Head-to-tail growth

    • Proximodistal: Near-to-far growth (midline to extremities)

    • Progressive differentiation: Increased uniqueness in interactions

    • Simple to complex: Progression from simple to complex movements and language

    • Theorist (Kohlberg, Piaget, Erikson):

      • Kohlberg: Focuses on thinking processes for determining right/wrong
      • Piaget: Explains how new information is assimilated and accommodated for application
      • Erikson: Psychosocial theory based on Freud's psychosexual stages

    • Development: Increase in complexity and maturation

    • Stages: Reflexive, sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational

    Chapter 2: Infant Development

    • Growth: Rapid during first year, doubling birth weight by 6 months, tripling by 1 year, increase in length
    • Nutrition: Infants need high calories (110-120 cal). Small, frequent feedings are necessary.
    • Sleep: Require a lot of sleep, newborns sleep 18-22 hours, often waking to eat. Critically, always sleep on their back to prevent SIDS.
    • Developmental Milestones: Bonding, Trust vs Mistrust, and object permanence
    • Piaget's Cognitive Theory: Focuses on cognitive development, including object permanence.

    Chapter 3: Toddler Development

    • Play: Parallel play (side-by-side, without interaction), and interactive play (shared and social)
    • Speech: Developmental progression from single words to short simple phrases
    • Safety: Toddlers must be supervised, play environment should be childproof.
    • Toilet training: Myelination of nerves is key for understanding fullness/need to defecate
    • Physical Development: 16 teeth, beginning walking, increased height (4-5 inches) & weight (5-6 pounds) per year
    • Nutrition: Eaten finger foods, experience food jags.
    • Development Stages (Erikson, Kohlberg, Piaget):
      • Erikson: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
      • Kohlberg: Punishment and obedience.
      • Piaget: Transition from sensorimotor to pre-operational stages, early language and problem-solving

    Chapter 4: Preschool Development

    • Oedipal Complex alleged by Freud
    • Physical development: Proportional bodies, height increase (2.5-3 inches), and weight increase by 5 pounds per year
    • Nutrition: May need less calories than toddlers
    • Sleep: 9-11 hours per night
    • Play: Creative, spontaneous, with imaginative play (e.g., roles, art, music)
    • Safety: supervised, protective environments.

    Chapter 5: School-Age Development

    • Physical development: Growth is slower; weight gain per year about 6 pounds and height increase by 2 inches per year. Tonsils enlarged, primary teeth falling out.
    • Increased myelination: Leads to faster transmission of signals from the body to the brain.
    • Nutrition: Growing bodies require more calories
    • Safety and disease: More susceptible to respiratory infections, MMR, chicken pox, etc.
    • Cognition: Concrete operations (more intuitive thought)
    • Schooling: Activities appropriate for that age.
    • Vaccines: Keeping up with vaccination schedule is essential.

    Chapter 6: Adolescent Development

    • Physical Development: Growth spurt (girls, 10-12); Physical development occurs.
    • Nutrition: Need adequate nutrition (balanced meals)
    • Sleep: Growing bodies need 10 hours of sleep.
    • Safety and disease: Increased risks (more active, sexual health concerns, car crashes)
    • Cognitive development: formal operations, egocentricity.

    Chapter 7 (Young Adult Development)

    • Physical development: Peak physical condition
    • Nutrition: Fast food
    • Safety/Disease: Higher risk activities and/or behaviours like STI's, homicide, suicide
    • Development stages identified
    • Crystallized/wisdom: Intelligence is sustained in elders with no serious diseases

    Chapter 8: Middle Adult Development

    • Physical development: Decrease in sub-Q tissue
    • Nutrition: Metabolism decreases
    • Safety/Disease: Increased risk chronic illnesses

    Chapter 9: Older Adult Development

    • Physical development and decline in vision, hearing, mobility, balance, immune system
    • Nutrition: Changes for caloric intake
    • Sleep: Less sleep, more naps
    • Safety: Increased risk of falls
    • Cognitive Changes: crystallized intelligence vs. fluid intelligence:
      • Alzheimer's and dementia (diagnosis, signs, symptoms, and risk factors):
    • Developmental stages identified

    Chapter 10: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Hierarchy of needs (physiological, safety & security, love & belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization)
    • Types of Families (with examples): Traditional, non-traditional, blended or merged, LGBTQ, Communes

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    Intro Exam 2 Blueprint PDF (University of Texas at El Paso)

    Description

    This quiz covers the key concepts from Chapter 1 of the Intro to Nursing course at The University of Texas at El Paso. It focuses on growth and development theories, including contributions from Kohlberg, Piaget, and Erikson. Test your understanding of both nature and nurture influences on development as well as the stages of growth.

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