Theme 4: Modules 3-4 - In Vitro Replication & PCR

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What is the name of the scientist who developed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in 1985?

Kary Mullis (correct)

Thermus aquaticus

Haemophilus influenza

Frederick Sanger

Which of the following is NOT a component required for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process?

Short single-stranded DNA primers

Sample of DNA

DNA ligase (correct)

Free deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs)

In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process, what is the purpose of the Taq polymerase enzyme?

To extend the daughter strands in a 5' to 3' direction using the dNTPs (correct)

To anneal the primers to the complementary sequences of the DNA template

To label the dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) with fluorescent dyes

To separate the strands of the double-stranded DNA

In the Sanger sequencing technique, what is the purpose of the dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)?

To terminate the elongation of the daughter strands at every possible nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the standardized ladder in gel electrophoresis?

To provide a reference for the sizes of the DNA fragments being analyzed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was the first complete bacterial genome to be sequenced?

Haemophilus influenza Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Genomics?

Sequencing, interpreting, and comparing whole genomes Signup and view all the answers

Why are many sequences referred to as Transcripts of Unknown Functions (TUFs)?

Their functions within the cell are not yet understood Signup and view all the answers

What was the cost and duration of the Human Genome Project?

$2.7 billion over 13 years Signup and view all the answers

How similar is the human genome to that of chimpanzees?

98.8% similar Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Dr. Tallulah Andrews' research?

Analyzing single-cell RNAseq data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of Genome Canada?

Funding and coordinating genomic projects in Canada Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Phase 3 in gene sequencing?

Annotating the sequences to find DNA that encodes genes, regulatory regions, and non-coding regions Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves looking for typical sequences that code for promoters and regulatory sites?

Annotating the sequences to find gene regions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mutagen mentioned in the text?

Replication errors Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme detects and cleaves a mismatched nucleotide pair during DNA repair?

Nuclease Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation occurs with the substitution of a single nucleotide pair?

Point mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomal mutation involves the loss of an entire chromosome fragment?

Deletions Signup and view all the answers

'Trisomy 21' is associated with which genetic condition?

'Down' syndrome Signup and view all the answers

'Sickle cell anemia' is caused by which type of mutation?

'Missense' mutation Signup and view all the answers

'DNA uracil glycosylase enzyme' is involved in which type of DNA repair?

'Base excision' repair Signup and view all the answers

'Reciprocal translocations' can lead to problems during gamete formation due to:

'Nondisjunction' Signup and view all the answers