30 Questions
Which term refers to the administration of a substance to induce an immune response?
Vaccination
Which term refers to a substance that induces an immune response?
Immunogen
Which type of vaccine is given to prevent disease in the individual and/or their offspring and/or the population?
Prophylactic vaccine
Which type of vaccine is used to treat melanoma in horses?
Therapeutic vaccine
Which type of vaccine is developed for controlling wildlife populations?
Immunocontraceptive vaccine
What is the term for immunizing with small doses of the allergen if the specific allergen is identified?
ASIT
What is the term for the removal of a virus from the whole world?
Eradication
What is the term for the removal of a certain disease in a specific area?
Elimination
What are some characteristics of the perfect vaccine?
No such thing as the perfect vaccine
Which type of vaccine involves culturing the pathogen and then inactivating it with harsh chemicals and then administering it?
Whole inactivated or killed pathogen vaccine
What is the potential drawback of live attenuated vaccines?
They could cause disease
Which type of vaccine involves expressing different proteins and individual genes in different cell types?
Recombinant protein vaccine
Which component of vaccines enhances immunogenicity?
Adjuvants
Which type of vaccine involves directly immunizing genetic material into live animals?
DNA vaccine
What is the role of adjuvants in vaccines?
To enhance immunogenicity
Which type of vaccine involves inserting genes expressing proteins of different viruses into another harmless virus and then administering it to the patient?
Virus vectored vaccine
What is the potential drawback of DNA vaccines?
They are difficult to get a strong antibody response
What is the primary active component of vaccines?
Adjuvants
Which type of vaccine involves encapsulating mRNA in a protective layer of lipids?
mRNA vaccine
What are the six types of vaccines?
Whole inactivated or killed, Live attenuated, Recombinant protein, Virus vectored, DNA, mRNA
What is the process of inactivating the pathogen in a whole inactivated or killed vaccine?
Using harsh chemicals or splitting the pathogen open
What is the potential drawback of live attenuated vaccines?
Potential for reversion to virulence
What are some examples of adjuvants mentioned in the text?
Aluminium salts, oil emulsions, saponins, ISCOMs, Liposomes, microparticles, Nonionic block copolymers, derivatised polysaccharide cytokines, bacterial derivatives
What is the role of adjuvants in vaccines?
Enhance immunogenicity by forming a depot, secreting cytokines and chemokines, and inducing immune cell recruitment
What is the process of encapsulating mRNA in a protective layer of lipids called?
Nanoparticle
What are the common components of vaccines?
Active ingredient, stabilizers, preservatives, trace components, adjuvants
Define vaccination and explain its purpose.
Vaccination is the administration of a substance, typically a protein called an antigen, to induce an immune response. Its purpose is to prevent infectious diseases in individuals, their offspring, and the population.
What is the goal of disease eradication?
The goal of disease eradication is to remove the virus from the entire world. Only smallpox and rinderpest have been successfully eradicated so far.
What is the term for the removal of a certain disease in a specific area?
The term for the removal of a certain disease in a specific area is disease elimination.
What is the potential drawback of DNA vaccines?
One potential drawback of DNA vaccines is the need for a specialized delivery system, such as electroporation, to ensure efficient uptake of the genetic material by cells.
Test your knowledge on different types of vaccines and the importance of vaccination. Learn about the definition of vaccination, types of substances used, and the purpose of vaccinating to prevent infectious diseases.
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