The Ultimate Respiratory System Quiz

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Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

Nasal cavities

Paranasal sinuses

Nasopharynx

Larynx (correct)

Which bronchi are considered the primary bronchi?

Bronchioles

Main bronchi (correct)

Segmental bronchi

Lobar bronchi

How many lobar bronchi are found in the respiratory system?

1 right, 4 left

3 right, 2 left (correct)

4 right, 1 left

2 right, 3 left

What structures make up the pulmonary acini in the pulmonary tree?

Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles and alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found lining the respiratory tract?

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the trachea is composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilages?

Cartilaginous layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the trachea called?

Adventitia Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the submucosal glands in the trachea?

Mucus-secreting acini with serous demilunes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the basement membrane in chronic smokers with chronic cough?

It becomes thicker Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT lined by respiratory epithelium?

Esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the tracheal wall is responsible for producing mucus?

Submucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the tracheal wall binds the trachea to adjacent structures?

Adventitia Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the tracheal wall contains respiratory mucosa?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the respiratory tract lining acts as stem cells and can differentiate to restore a healthy epithelial layer?

Basal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory tract lining?

Secrete mucus to maintain epithelial moisture Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the respiratory tract lining secretes peptide hormones?

Kulchitsky cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory epithelium?

Moistening and protecting the airways Signup and view all the answers

What are the main purpose of the mucociliary escalator?

To move secreted mucus towards the laryngopharynx for expectoration or swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mucociliary escalator?

To bind the trachea to adjacent structures Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the olfactory mucosa synthesize and secrete odorant-binding proteins?

Supporting/sustentacular cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines the luminal surface of the vocal cords in the larynx?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Why does the respiratory epithelium change to stratified squamous epithelium in certain parts of the respiratory tract?

To prevent destruction from abrasive swallowing of food Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines certain parts of the respiratory tract subject to abrasive swallowing of food?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are characteristic features of the olfactory mucosa and help keep it moist?

Olfactory glands (Bowman's glands) Signup and view all the answers

Which structures in the nasal cavity increase the surface area and promote turbulent airflow?

Chonchae Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the bronchus contains elastin fibers?

Lamina propria Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cartilage as the bronchi size decreases?

It disappears completely Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth muscle in the bronchus?

Regulating the diameter of the airway Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines larger bronchioles?

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the bronchiole walls as the amount of cartilage decreases?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the bronchus is composed of dense connective tissue?

Adventitia Signup and view all the answers

At what diameter does the cartilage disappear in the bronchioles?

1 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the surface-active agent secreted by Clara cells?

Prevent adhesion of luminal surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the epithelium in the respiratory bronchioles?

Simple cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological characteristic of the alveolar ducts?

Squamous alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the epithelium in the respiratory bronchioles?

Smooth muscle and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Clara cells in the respiratory tract lining?

Secreting surface-active agent Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers provide support to the alveolar ducts?

Reticular fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the alveolar lining is responsible for gas exchange?

Type 1 alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the alveolar lining cells are type 1 alveolar cells?

40% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alveolar cell secretes surfactant?

Type 2 alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Prevents alveolar collapse Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the alveolar lining are progenitor cells for type 1 alveolar cells?

Type 2 alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells make up the majority of the alveolar lining?

Type 2 alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells forms an extremely thin layer between the capillaries and the air spaces in the alveoli?

Type 1 alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the alveolar septum?

Type 1 pneumocytes and capillary endothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alveolar and septal macrophages?

Phagocytosis of foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

Squamous metaplasia of the respiratory mucosa is most commonly associated with:

Chronic smoking Signup and view all the answers

Squamous metaplasia in the respiratory mucosa is characterized by:

Loss of cilia and development of stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

The Ultimate Respiratory System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

Which bronchi are considered the primary bronchi?

How many lobar bronchi are found in the respiratory system?

What structures make up the pulmonary acini in the pulmonary tree?

Which type of epithelium is found lining the respiratory tract?

Which layer of the trachea is composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilages?

What is the outermost layer of the trachea called?

What is the composition of the submucosal glands in the trachea?

What happens to the basement membrane in chronic smokers with chronic cough?

Which of the following structures is NOT lined by respiratory epithelium?

Which layer of the tracheal wall is responsible for producing mucus?

Which layer of the tracheal wall binds the trachea to adjacent structures?

Which layer of the tracheal wall contains respiratory mucosa?

Which type of cell in the respiratory tract lining acts as stem cells and can differentiate to restore a healthy epithelial layer?

What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory tract lining?

Which type of cell in the respiratory tract lining secretes peptide hormones?

Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory epithelium?

What are the main purpose of the mucociliary escalator?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mucociliary escalator?

Which type of epithelium lines the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

Which cells in the olfactory mucosa synthesize and secrete odorant-binding proteins?

Which type of epithelium lines the luminal surface of the vocal cords in the larynx?

Why does the respiratory epithelium change to stratified squamous epithelium in certain parts of the respiratory tract?

Which type of epithelium lines certain parts of the respiratory tract subject to abrasive swallowing of food?

Which glands are characteristic features of the olfactory mucosa and help keep it moist?

Which structures in the nasal cavity increase the surface area and promote turbulent airflow?

Which layer of the bronchus contains elastin fibers?

What happens to the cartilage as the bronchi size decreases?

What is the function of the smooth muscle in the bronchus?

What type of epithelium lines larger bronchioles?

What is the main component of the bronchiole walls as the amount of cartilage decreases?

Which layer of the bronchus is composed of dense connective tissue?

At what diameter does the cartilage disappear in the bronchioles?

What is the function of the surface-active agent secreted by Clara cells?

What is the composition of the epithelium in the respiratory bronchioles?

What is the histological characteristic of the alveolar ducts?

What surrounds the epithelium in the respiratory bronchioles?

What is the main function of Clara cells in the respiratory tract lining?

What type of fibers provide support to the alveolar ducts?

Which type of cell in the alveolar lining is responsible for gas exchange?

What percentage of the alveolar lining cells are type 1 alveolar cells?

Which type of alveolar cell secretes surfactant?

What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Which cells in the alveolar lining are progenitor cells for type 1 alveolar cells?

Which type of cells make up the majority of the alveolar lining?

Which type of cells forms an extremely thin layer between the capillaries and the air spaces in the alveoli?

What is the composition of the alveolar septum?

What is the role of alveolar and septal macrophages?

Squamous metaplasia of the respiratory mucosa is most commonly associated with:

Squamous metaplasia in the respiratory mucosa is characterized by:

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