The Ultimate Quiz on cardiovascular drugs
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of calcium channel blockers?

  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Constipation (correct)
  • Bradycardia

Which of the following is a common indication for the use of calcium channel blockers?

  • Asthma
  • Hypertension (correct)
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • Diabetes mellitus

Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs inhibits the slow calcium channel pathways and depresses phase 4 depolarization?

  • Class I
  • Class IV (correct)
  • Class III
  • Class II

Which of the following antidysrhythmic drugs is used to treat life-threatening heart rhythm problems and is resistant to other drugs?

<p>Amiodarone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the cardiac system?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents cardiac output?

<p>Cardiac output = Heart rate x stroke volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of antihypertensive drugs?

<p>Adrenergic drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is known for relaxing arteries and veins and reducing blood pressure?

<p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of antidysrhythmic drugs?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most serious effect of antidysrhythmic drugs?

<p>Pulmonary toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of anticoagulants?

<p>Bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cardiac condition characterized by the narrowing of the coronary arteries?

<p>Heart Attack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of heparin?

<p>Inhibit clotting factors IIa, Xa, and IX (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a congenital heart condition that is present at birth?

<p>Congenital heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiac condition is characterized by the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs?

<p>Heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm?

<p>Arrhythmia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to treat heart muscle failure and increases the force of myocardial contraction?

<p>Digoxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of cardiac glycosides such as Digoxin?

<p>Increase myocardial contractility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of Ivabradine in the treatment of chronic heart failure?

<p>Inhibits SA node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using nitrates and nitrites in the treatment of angina and ischemic heart disease?

<p>Dilate blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used for its ability to cause peripheral vasodilation?

<p>Hydralazine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of underlying conditions where the heart is unable to pump blood in sufficient amounts from the ventricles to meet the body's metabolic needs?

<p>Heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication combination inhibits an enzyme called neprilysin, allowing natriuretic peptides to linger in the bloodstream and improves heart function?

<p>Angiotensin receptor - neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure treatment?

<p>Blocking the SGLT2 protein in the proximal tubule of the nephron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is used to prevent platelet adhesion and sticking together?

<p>Aspirin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) used as a thrombolytic agent?

<p>Activase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an adverse effect of thrombolytic drugs?

<p>Bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs prevents the lysis of fibrin and promotes clot formation?

<p>Tranexamic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of exposure to heparin?

<p>Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a statin drug used to treat dyslipidemia?

<p>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is used to prevent platelet adhesion and sticking together?

<p>Clopidogrel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a life-threatening complication of exposure to heparin?

<p>Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most serious effect of antidysrhythmic drugs?

<p>Cardiac dysrhythmias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an adverse effect of thrombolytic drugs?

<p>Bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common indication for the use of calcium channel blockers?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of antihypertensive drugs?

<p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) used as a thrombolytic agent?

<p>Alteplase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main effect of cardiac glycosides such as Digoxin?

<p>Increased force of myocardial contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a statin drug used to treat dyslipidemia?

<p>Atorvastatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure treatment?

<p>Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Constipation (Calcium Channel Blockers)

A common side effect of calcium channel blockers, characterized by difficulty passing stool.

Calcium Channel Blockers (Indications)

A class of drugs used to treat high blood pressure (Hypertension).

Slow Calcium Channel Pathway Inhibitors

Class IV antidysrhythmic drugs belong to this category.

Amiodarone (Anti-Arrhythmic)

Amiodarone is a powerful antidysrhythmic drug used for life-threatening heart rhythm problems when other treatments are ineffective.

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Cardiac System Function

The cardiac system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

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Cardiac Output (CO)

The amount of blood the heart pumps out per minute. It's calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.

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Adrenergic Drugs (Antihypertensives)

A class of drugs that act on the adrenergic system, affecting blood pressure.

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

ACE inhibitors are a class of drugs known for their ability to relax arteries and veins, reducing blood pressure.

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Adverse Effects of Anti-Arrhythmics

Common side effects of antidysrhythmic drugs include nausea and vomiting, which may result from their impact on the digestive system.

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Most Serious Effect of Anti-Arrhythmics

The most serious effect of antidysrhythmic drugs is potentially life-threatening disruptions in the heart's rhythm.

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Bleeding (Anticoagulants)

A frequent side effect of anticoagulants, drugs that prevent blood clotting.

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Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

A heart condition occurring when the coronary arteries, supplying blood to the heart, become narrowed, restricting blood flow and potentially causing damage.

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Heparin (Action)

Heparin acts as a potent anticoagulant, inhibiting specific clotting factors in the blood.

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Congenital Heart Disease

A category of heart defects present at birth.

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Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

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Arrhythmia

Irregular and often rapid heart rhythm, also known as dysrhythmia.

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Digoxin

A drug that strengthens heart muscle contractions for heart failure treatment.

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Cardiac Glycosides (Main Effect)

Cardiac glycosides, such as Digoxin, primarily increase the force of heart muscle contractions, improving the heart's pumping power.

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Ivabradine (Mechanism of Action)

Ivabradine, a drug used for chronic heart failure, primarily works by inhibiting the SA node, reducing heart rate.

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Nitrates and Nitrites (Cardiac Action)

Nitrates and nitrites are used to dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart and relieving chest pain in angina.

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Hydralazine (Peripheral Vasodilation)

Hydralazine is a medication known for its ability to relax blood vessels, specifically in the periphery (arms, legs, and skin).

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Heart Failure (Cause)

Heart failure occurs due to the heart's inability to pump blood sufficiently from the ventricles to meet the body's metabolic needs.

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ARNI (Mechanism of Action)

ARNI (Angiotensin receptor - neprilysin inhibitor) is a medication combination that combines angiotensin receptor blockade with neprilysin inhibition.

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SGLT2 Inhibitors (Mechanism of Action)

SGLT2 inhibitors are a class of medications that block the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, reducing glucose reabsorption into the bloodstream.

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Aspirin (Action)

Aspirin is a medication known for its ability to prevent platelets from sticking together, reducing blood clots.

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Activase (Alteplase) (Action)

Activase (Alteplase) is a thrombolytic drug that breaks down blood clots, restoring blood flow to blocked arteries.

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Bleeding (Thrombolytic Drugs)

Bleeding is a common adverse effect of thrombolytic drugs, as they aim to dissolve clots, which can lead to internal or external bleeding.

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Tranexamic Acid (Action)

Tranexamic acid is a medication that prevents the breakdown of fibrin, a protein involved in clot formation, promoting coagulation and reducing bleeding.

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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

A severe, potentially life-threatening condition that arises from exposure to heparin, characterized by a drop in platelet count and an increased risk of blood clots.

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Statin Drugs (Example)

Statin drugs, like Atorvastatin, are a class of medications used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.

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Clopidogrel (Action)

Clopidogrel is a medication that prevents platelets from sticking together, reducing blood clotting.

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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) (Explanation)

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious complication of heparin use, where the body develops antibodies against heparin, leading to a drop in platelet count and increased risk of clots.

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Most Serious Effect of Anti-Arrhythmics (Explanation)

The most serious effect of antidysrhythmic drugs is their potential to cause or worsen cardiac dysrhythmias.

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Bleeding (Thrombolytic Drugs) (Explanation)

Bleeding is a common adverse effect of thrombolytic drugs as they work by dissolving blood clots, increasing the risk of bleeding.

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Calcium Channel Blockers (Indication)

Calcium channel blockers are often used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) by relaxing arteries and reducing the force of the heart's contractions.

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Action)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a class of antihypertensive drugs that work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction and lowering blood pressure.

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Alteplase (Activase) (Explanation)

Alteplase (Activase) is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) used as a thrombolytic agent to dissolve blood clots.

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Digoxin (Main Effect)

Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, primarily increases the force of myocardial contraction, making the heart pump more effectively and improving heart function.

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Atorvastatin (Explanation)

Atorvastatin is a statin drug, a class of medications used to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

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SGLT2 Inhibitors (Mechanism of Action) (Explanation)

SGLT2 inhibitors work by blocking the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, which reduces glucose reabsorption into the bloodstream and may improve heart function by reducing blood sugar levels and potentially lowering cardiovascular risk.

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