Questions and Answers
What is the primary indication for antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors)?
What is the common suffix for antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors)?
-pril
Which of these is an example of an antilipidemic medication?
What is the indication for beta blockers?
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What is the common suffix for beta blockers?
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Which medication is an example of a calcium channel blocker?
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What is a key effect of nitrates?
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What adverse effect is associated with class III antiarrhythmics?
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Which condition is treated with cardiac glycosides?
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What is the common suffix for loop diuretics?
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What is the primary action of potassium-sparing diuretics?
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Study Notes
Antihypertensive (ACE Inhibitors)
- Identified by suffix -pril, e.g., enalapril (Vasotec)
- Induces vasodilation and lowers blood pressure (BP)
- Treats hypertension and heart failure
- Common adverse effects: headache, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, acute kidney failure, angioedema
Antilipidemic
- Identified by suffix -statin, e.g., atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- Reduces LDL and triglycerides, increases HDL levels
- Indications include hypercholesterolemia and types IIa and IIb hyperlipidemia
- Adverse effects: back pain, myalgia, headache, gastrointestinal issues
Beta Blockers
- Identified by suffix -lol, e.g., atenolol (Tenormin)
- Blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors in cardiac muscle
- Reduces heart rate, force of contraction, cardiac output, and BP
- Indications include angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension
- Side effects: dizziness, fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, pulmonary edema
Calcium Channel Blockers
- Identified by suffix -pine, e.g., amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem)
- Blocks calcium ion influx in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle
- Decreases peripheral resistance, increases cardiac output
- Treats angina, hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia
- Adverse effects: bradycardia, edema, hypotension, gastrointestinal issues
Nitrates
- Identified by prefix nitr-, e.g., nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
- Acts as a vasodilator, reducing preload and myocardial oxygen consumption
- Primarily used for angina management
- Common adverse effects: headache, dizziness, postural hypotension, tachycardia
Class III Antiarrythmics
- Example: Amiodarone
- Increases action potential duration by prolonging phase 3 repolarization
- Used for managing difficult-to-treat dysrhythmias like ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation
- Potential adverse effects: nausea, dizziness, prodysrhythmic effects, QT interval prolongation
Cardiac Glycosides
- Example: digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase, enhancing myocardial contractility
- Used for systolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation
- Common adverse effects: bradycardia, confusion, colored vision, gastrointestinal disturbances
Loop Diuretics
- Identified by suffix -ide, e.g., bumetanide, furosemide
- Blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle
- Reduces blood pressure and manages edema related to heart failure and renal disease
- Potential side effects: dizziness, tinnitus, hypertension, electrolyte imbalances
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
- Examples: amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene
- Act on the collecting ducts, disrupting sodium-potassium exchange
- Spare potassium while promoting sodium excretion
- Indicated for hypertension and edema management
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Description
This quiz focuses on antihypertensive medications, specifically ACE inhibitors. Learn key definitions, indications, and adverse effects to enhance your nursing pharmacology knowledge. Ideal for nursing students preparing for exams or clinical practice.
