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Questions and Answers
What characteristic distinguishes long bones from short bones?
What characteristic distinguishes long bones from short bones?
- They are generally cube-shaped.
- They contain mostly spongy bone.
- They are thicker than flat bones.
- They have a shaft and two heads. (correct)
How many short bones are found in the human body?
How many short bones are found in the human body?
- 48
- 20
- 28 (correct)
- 36
Which type of bone is characterized by having a shape that does not fit into any of the other categories?
Which type of bone is characterized by having a shape that does not fit into any of the other categories?
- Short bones
- Irregular bones (correct)
- Long bones
- Flat bones
What is one example of a sesamoid bone?
What is one example of a sesamoid bone?
Which of the following bone markings refers to a large, rounded prominence that helps to form a joint with another bone?
Which of the following bone markings refers to a large, rounded prominence that helps to form a joint with another bone?
What is the role of bone markings?
What is the role of bone markings?
Which of the following best defines a tuberosity?
Which of the following best defines a tuberosity?
In the classification of bones, how many flat bones are identified in the human body?
In the classification of bones, how many flat bones are identified in the human body?
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Study Notes
Classification of Bones According to Shape
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Long Bones: Longer than width, consisting of two heads and a shaft; primarily compact tissue.
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Found in the appendicular skeleton; there are 90 long bones in the human body.
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Examples include humerus, femur.
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Short Bones: Generally cube-shaped and primarily composed of spongy bone.
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There are 28 short bones, specifically the carpals and tarsals.
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Sesamoid Bones: Specialized short bones formed within tendons.
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Examples include the pisiform (a carpal bone) and the patella.
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Flat Bones: Thin, flattened, and usually curved; consist of two layers of compact bone enclosing spongy diploe.
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Total of 36 flat bones in the body.
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Examples include the sternum, ribs, and cranial bones.
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Irregular Bones: Do not fit into any other categories and have irregular shapes.
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There are 48 irregular bones in the body.
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Examples include vertebrae and some facial bones.
Definition of Bone Markings
- Distinctive features on bones that provide attachment points for muscles, tendons, ligaments, facilitate blood vessel passage, and serve as joint attachments.
Projections
- Condyle: Large, rounded prominence articulating with another bone.
- Epicondyle: Smaller prominence near a condyle.
- Line: Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest.
- Process: Bony outgrowth or projection.
- Ramus: Arm-like bar of bone.
- Trochanter: Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only found on the femur).
- Tubercle: Small, rounded bump.
- Tuberosity: Large, roughened bump.
- Crest: Ridge or sharp edge.
- Spine: Slender, pointed projection.
Depressions
- Fissure: Narrow, slit-like opening.
- Foramen: Hole or opening in a bone.
- Fossa: Shallow, dish-shaped depression.
- Fovea: Small, pit-like depression.
- Groove: Furrow.
- Meatus: Passage or canal.
- Notch: Deep indentation.
- Sinus: Cavity within bone, filled with air and lined with mucus.
- Sulcus: Groove or furrow.
Articulations
- Facet: Small, flat surface allowing for articulation.
- Head: Rounded, articular surface.
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