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Questions and Answers
What results from the acidifying effect fluoride has inside bacterial cells?
What results from the acidifying effect fluoride has inside bacterial cells?
What is the form in which fluoride diffuses into oral bacteria at low pH?
What is the form in which fluoride diffuses into oral bacteria at low pH?
- Fluorine gas
- Calcium fluoride
- Hydrogen fluoride (correct)
- Sodium fluoride
What occurs inside the bacterial cell when hydrogen fluoride dissociates?
What occurs inside the bacterial cell when hydrogen fluoride dissociates?
- It acidifies the cell (correct)
- It releases sugars
- It neutralizes pH
- It promotes glycolysis
What is the effect of fluoride ions on glycolysis?
What is the effect of fluoride ions on glycolysis?
What happens to fluoride when it becomes trapped inside the bacterial cell?
What happens to fluoride when it becomes trapped inside the bacterial cell?
How does fluoride's effect on bacterial cells contribute to dental health?
How does fluoride's effect on bacterial cells contribute to dental health?
Which pH condition allows fluoride to diffuse into oral bacteria effectively?
Which pH condition allows fluoride to diffuse into oral bacteria effectively?
What is the primary byproduct when HF dissociates in bacterial cells?
What is the primary byproduct when HF dissociates in bacterial cells?
What cellular change does fluoride cause in plaque bacteria when it enters?
What cellular change does fluoride cause in plaque bacteria when it enters?
How does fluoride’s interaction with hydrogen ions affect bacterial survival?
How does fluoride’s interaction with hydrogen ions affect bacterial survival?
What is a direct consequence of fluoride ion accumulation in bacteria?
What is a direct consequence of fluoride ion accumulation in bacteria?
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Study Notes
Saliva Composition and Function
- Composed of approximately 98% water, with small amounts of important substances.
- Contains mucus, proteins, minerals, and electrolytes that play vital roles in oral health.
- Acts as a protective mechanism against gum disease, tooth decay, and oral infections.
- Neutralizes acids, aiding in the remineralization process of damaged enamel.
Remineralization Process
- Saliva repairs and restores the protective surface of teeth when enamel is compromised by acids.
- Essential for maintaining dental health and preventing enamel erosion due to acidic attacks.
Chemical Composition of Teeth
- Composed of 96% inorganic material and 4% organic matter and enamel proteins.
- Fluoride possesses two primary protective effects on enamel:
- Slows the dissolution of enamel in lactic acid.
- Promotes re-precipitation and crystallization of minerals after acids are neutralized.
Fluoride's Anti-Caries Mechanism
- Prevents demineralization while enhancing the remineralization of enamel.
- Alters the behavior of plaque bacteria, contributing to reduced acid production.
- At low pH, fluoride permeates bacterial cells, forming hydrogen fluoride (HF) which dissociates inside the bacteria.
- The dissociation process acidifies the cell and releases fluoride ions, inhibiting glycolysis and bacterial metabolism.
Cumulative Effects of Fluoride
- Fluoride accumulation within bacterial cells leads to a sustained inhibition of acid production, enhancing the overall protective effect against cavities.
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