The Rise and Fall of Normative Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What type of questions does normative analysis explore?

  • Questions about values (correct)
  • Questions about mathematical equations
  • Questions about scientific experiments
  • Questions about historical events

    • Which classic works are examples of normative analysis in Western political philosophy?

  • Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings
  • Dracula and Frankenstein
  • Plato’s Republic and Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan (correct)
  • The Great Gatsby and Moby Dick

    • In what way does normative theory guide actions according to the text?

  • By promoting non-democratic forms of political resistance
  • By analyzing historical political events
  • By defining desirable societal and political structures (correct)
  • By predicting future political trends

    • What practical aspect does normative theory have, as illustrated by Andrea Sangiovanni?

    <p>Guiding actions in various situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can normative theory aid a citizen contemplating how to vote in an election?

    <p>By providing guidance on evaluating different party platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario involves normative analysis according to the text?

    <p>A judge deciding a hard case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge for rational individuals in achieving optimal outcomes, as demonstrated by game scenarios?

    <p>Dealing with free riders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field in political science commonly applies rational choice theory to explain and predict behavior?

    <p>Interest group politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key criticism of the deductive method, such as rational choice theory?

    <p>Oversimplification of human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Karl Popper proposed the concept of 'falsification' in scientific inquiry to...

    <p>Test hypotheses by attempting to disprove them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the inductive method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Generates non-explanatory hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the "McDonald's peace theory" exemplify?

    <p>'Falsification' in action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do working-class people in Canada tend to vote for the New Democratic Party (NDP) according to the text?

    <p>Feel more ideologically aligned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Behaviouralism' is cited in the text as an example of which scientific methodology?

    <p>'Inductivism'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Verification can never be conclusive, but falsification can be.' This statement aligns with the ideas of which philosopher mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Karl Popper'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between empirical and normative political theories?

    <p>Empirical theories prioritize creating testable hypotheses, while normative theories involve judgments about political goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the deductive reasoning approach in political science?

    <p>Forming hypotheses based on assumptions about human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key assumption of rational choice analysis in political science?

    <p>Humans are rational beings who maximize their utility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the comparative method contribute to empirical analysis in political science?

    <p>By developing testable generalizations through comparing political phenomena across systems or time periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Thomas Friedman’s “McDonald’s peace theory,” what has been cited as a case that seemingly disproved the theory?

    <p>The conflict between Russia and Georgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to combine empirical theorizing with normative theorizing in the study of political institutions?

    <p>To capture both observable facts and value judgments about political goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodological approach shifted the focus of political studies from formal institution examination to a behavior-oriented perspective?

    <p>&quot;Rational choice&quot; analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the deductive reasoning method differ from the inductive reasoning approach in political science?

    <p>&quot;Deductive reasoning starts with specific observations to form general conclusions, while inductive reasoning starts with general principles to predict specific outcomes.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Utility maximizers" is a term associated with which methodological approach in political science?

    <p>Rational choice analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the reasons for the academic decline of normative analysis in the 20th century?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical system viewed the scientific stage as the final stage of human intellectual evolution?

    <p>Positivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with Logical Positivism, a doctrine that deems normative claims as meaningless?

    <p>Auguste Comte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Behaviorism emphasize in studying social phenomena post-1945?

    <p>The importance of the scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of political analysis focuses on identifying observable phenomena in the real world?

    <p>Empirical analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of analysis plays a crucial role in political studies due to the lack of universally accepted definitions for many political concepts?

    <p>Semantic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Behaviorism aim for objective measurement of the social world?

    <p>To eliminate values from social inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one reason for the resurgence of normative political philosophy in the latter half of the 20th century?

    <p>&quot;A Theory of Justice&quot; by John Rawls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason why achieving a truly scientific account of politics is considered unlikely?

    <p>Human behavior, including political behavior, is unpredictable and does not conform to rigid scientific laws like natural phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the ability to make others do something that they would not have chosen to do?

    <p>Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does normative analysis focus on in political philosophy?

    <p>Considering what 'ought to be' as opposed to what 'is.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for politics to encompass values and norms according to the text?

    <p>Values and norms could provide essential insights into political phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Realism' as a school of thought is primarily present in which fields based on the text?

    <p>Philosophy, Sociology, Politics, and International Relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Civil Society' in modern terms often refers specifically to what according to the text?

    <p>'Civil Society' refers to interest groups and nongovernmental organizations standing between individuals and the state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Empirical analysis' primarily focuses on what type of information according to the text?

    <p>'Empirical analysis' deals with factual information (what is as opposed to what ought to be).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'governance' encompass according to the text?

    <p>Factors influencing decisions in society beyond traditional institutions of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positivist political analysts aim to apply value-free methods to the study of political phenomena.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behaviorism emphasized subjective interpretations in studying social phenomena post-1945.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normative political philosophy only deals with what can be empirically proven.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Empirical analysis seeks to establish what ought to be in the political world.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normative theory is one of the newest branches of political theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normative analysis in political science focuses on exploring questions about values and determining what is good or superior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Empirical analysis in political science primarily focuses on theoretical concepts rather than observable phenomena in the real world.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normative theory aims to guide actions in various situations based on predetermined societal norms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positivism emphasizes the importance of empirical evidence and scientific methods in political analysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normative political philosophy is primarily concerned with describing political systems as they exist in reality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positivism in the human sciences asserts that normative claims are meaningful and essential for scientific inquiry.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the key criticisms of normative analysis is its lack of clear universal definitions for political concepts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Realism in political science takes power politics and national interest as foundational concepts, opposing idealistic perspectives.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two weaknesses of the inductive method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Weak in theory generation and may fall short in providing robust explanations for identified patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to combine empirical theorizing with normative theorizing in the study of political institutions?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive understanding of political phenomena and to bridge the gap between descriptive and prescriptive analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key assumption of rational choice analysis in political science?

    <p>Individuals act rationally to achieve optimal outcomes based on their preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one reason for the resurgence of normative political philosophy in the latter half of the 20th century?

    <p>A critique of the overly empirical focus of political science and a call for more ethical considerations in political theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do working-class people in Canada tend to vote for the New Democratic Party (NDP) according to the text?

    <p>Due to factors such as historical ties, party platforms that align with working-class interests, and social identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of classical liberal theory in relation to the state?

    <p>The state should adopt a neutral stance in discussions about different visions of the good, serving individuals by respecting their autonomy and refraining from interfering with their rights if their actions do not harm others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect of liberalism is challenged by communitarianism?

    <p>The view that the state should adopt a neutral stance and not actively contribute to fostering shared values within society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does utilitarianism, as associated with Jeremy Bentham, judge the legitimacy of a government?

    <p>Based on its promotion of the greatest happiness or the greatest happiness of the greatest number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foundation of the New Right in terms of social contracts?

    <p>Built on the social contracts of Locke and Hobbes, emphasizing minimal state interference for maximizing individual freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key concept does J.Ann Tickner attribute to figures like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau in their assumptions about human nature?

    <p>Assumptions from a narrow, male-centered perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intellectuals according to Gramsci in challenging hegemonic power?

    <p>Observing and critiquing ideological influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hegemony differ from traditional power structures like force or coercion?

    <p>It operates through shaping culture, norms, and beliefs to secure consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ideological influence in the context of hegemony?

    <p>Shaping people's beliefs and perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Steven Lukes, what is one of the three faces of power exemplified by hegemony?

    <p>Ideological power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hegemony secure its power over society according to the text?

    <p>By shaping culture, norms, and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Robert Paul Wolff, are individuals obligated to obey laws they did not support?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might democracy in settler states impact Indigenous rights?

    <p>Work against them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of society does Robert Paul Wolff suggest as the only legitimate one?

    <p>An anarchist society without government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does the promise of 'peace, order, and good government' in settler states potentially discriminate against?

    <p>Pre-existing Indigenous traditions of governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does adherence to majoritarianism impact decisions in a society?

    <p>Leaves some individuals in the minority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of health is highlighted as being more social than physical?

    <p>Cultural influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What industry is described as a trillion-dollar industry in today's society?

    <p>Health and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent Netflix series explores communities that live extraordinarily long and healthy lives?

    <p>Secrets of the Blue Zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the culture influenced Canadian health according to the text?

    <p>Promoting high-carb and ultra-processed foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor contributing to enduring stress in Canadian society mentioned in the text?

    <p>Encouragement of a competitive lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what century would it have been believed that a female's brain would get over-taxed if she tried to spend time in university learning things?

    <p>19th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle factor is strongly linked to lung cancer?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major source of revenue for the government but is also a serious public health problem?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle factor contributes significantly to the abuse of children and partners?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is directly linked to better mental health according to the text?

    <p>Sleep patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle factor is causational for many forms of human health debilitation?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Students please don’t stay up all night too often, find daytime hours to do that." This statement is linked to the impact of:

    <p>&quot;Exercise and sleep&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does "Exercise habits" refer to in the context presented?

    <p>Adequate physical activity levels for maintaining health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major contributor to the difference in life expectancy between Nunavut and the rest of Canada?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary cause of death in industrialized societies prior to the reduction of mortality rates?

    <p>Infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did people believe would protect them from the Bubonic Plague in London in 1665?

    <p>Carrying herbs and flowers in their pockets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of the medical-industrial complex mentioned in the text?

    <p>It includes pharmaceutical companies, health insurance firms, and private care industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transition occurred in the primary causes of death from 1901 to 2011 in industrialized societies?

    <p>From infectious diseases to chronic and degenerative diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contribute to more deaths from degenerative diseases today compared to the past?

    <p>Toxins in the environment and food, poor diets, and exposure to radioactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did women giving birth in hospitals historically face higher mortality rates according to the text?

    <p>Before the advent of sterilization and proper sanitation practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Global North from the Global South in terms of longevity trends?

    <p>Longer life expectancy in the Global North due to reduced deaths from infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did historical changes during the Industrial Revolution impact sanitation practices?

    <p>Sanitation worsened due to overcrowding and lack of proper waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does social environment play in the prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases according to the text?

    <p>Social conditions and choices influence the development of chronic illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belief about masturbation was common in the past?

    <p>It causes blindness, epilepsy, and insanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor contributing to the spread of Black Death in Europe?

    <p>Lack of sanitation and crowded living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease eventually killed a third of the European population in the 14th century?

    <p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did people believe about skin tanning in the 19th century?

    <p>It was desirable to make the skin brown and crispy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was once socially acceptable but is now known for its carcinogenic effects?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor played a significant role in the spread of sexually transmitted infections?

    <p>Specific social contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predominant influence on obesity and eating disorders in Canada according to the text?

    <p>Social factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what century did rumors of Black Death reach Europe?

    <p>14th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'In some ways it is more important to feel healthy than be physically healthy.' What does this statement emphasize?

    <p>'Feeling healthy' includes mental and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the World Health Organization's definition, health is not merely the absence of disease but also a state of complete _____________, ____________, and ____________.

    <p>Physical, mental, and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of the healthcare system in Canada, as described in the text?

    <p>Reactive approach focusing on immediate medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor contributing to lower life expectancy among Indigenous people in Canada, according to the text?

    <p>Structural inequalities and social conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poverty impact health outcomes, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>By increasing stress levels due to financial insecurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach does Germany's healthcare system prioritize, as contrasted with Canada?

    <p>Proactive approach focusing on prevention before medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do marginalized populations globally face disadvantages in terms of health, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Because of structural inequalities and social conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do gender differences impact health outcomes according to the text?

    <p>Women's resilience leads to better health outcomes on average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social epidemiology as described in the text?

    <p>Examining the distribution of health and disease in populations based on social factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Canada's healthcare system and Germany's healthcare system?

    <p>Canada focuses more on prevention while Germany focuses on immediate medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poverty impact individuals' dietary choices and overall health according to the text?

    <p>Poverty can result in individuals buying processed foods that are poor in nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used in the text to describe the act of pharmaceutical companies taking ideas from Indigenous groups and claiming intellectual property rights?

    <p>Biopiracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of pharmaceutical companies, as stated in the text?

    <p>Prescribing more drugs and surgeries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Big Pharma in relation to patients, according to the text?

    <p>Turning everyone into patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does the Canadian Healthcare Act emphasize in providing services regardless of cost solely on need?

    <p>Distributive justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of the Canadian Healthcare Act ensures that all Canadians have reasonable access to healthcare?

    <p>Accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of all OECD countries regarding healthcare systems?

    <p>Universal healthcare coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text portray the relationship between pharmaceutical companies and doctors?

    <p>&quot;Big Pharma&quot; influences doctors to prescribe new drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Biopiracy" refers to which practice mentioned in the text?

    <p>&quot;Big Pharma&quot; claiming intellectual property rights from Indigenous groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle of the Canadian healthcare system ensures that all Canadians are eligible for healthcare services?

    <p>Universality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Canadian healthcare system ensures that healthcare is standardized across provinces?

    <p>Portability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major problem highlighted in the Canadian healthcare system related to unequal access to healthcare services?

    <p>Unequal availability of healthcare resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect does the overuse of the Canadian healthcare system mainly manifest?

    <p>Proliferation of minor cases clogging the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Canadian healthcare system can potentially disadvantage individuals who cannot afford additional costs?

    <p>Provider-driven care system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue does the Canadian healthcare system face due to unequal distribution of healthcare staff?

    <p>Lack of medical aid in rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback associated with implementing a user fee for healthcare services in Canada?

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Universal' in the Canadian Healthcare Act refers to:

    <p>Eligibility for all Canadians on equal terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the 'portability' principle of the Canadian Health Care Act benefit Canadians?

    <p>Standardized access to healthcare across provinces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of naturopaths, chiropractors, and acupuncture treatments mentioned in the text?

    <p>They prioritize proactive approaches to healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates doctors to admit more patients to hospitals and prescribe more drugs within the healthcare system described in the text?

    <p>Being paid per service, leading to increased income with more patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept underlies the belief of chiropractors regarding body alignment and nervous system function?

    <p>Body Alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has the cost of healthcare in Canada increased significantly from 100 billion in 2001 to 254 billion in 2020?

    <p>Shift towards treating less infectious but more chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes naturopaths from chiropractors and acupuncturists in their treatment approach?

    <p>Naturopaths focus on identifying root causes of health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle of acupuncture as described in the text?

    <p>Clearing clogged meridians to restore energy flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect has the change in demographics towards a larger elderly population had on the Canadian healthcare system?

    <p>Increased proportion of healthcare dollars spent on the elderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the funding responsibility shifted between federal and provincial governments in Canada's healthcare system?

    <p>Provincial governments have assumed a larger share of the funding burden over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chiropractors believe aligning the body benefits overall health according to the text?

    <p>It improves nervous system function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes acupuncturists from naturopaths and chiropractors in their treatment methodology in the text?

    <p>Acupuncturists clear clogged meridians to restore energy flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason some suggest privatizing hospitals in Canada's healthcare system?

    <p>To make hospitals profit-driven like in the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of care focuses on minimizing symptoms and pain of terminally ill patients without attempting a cure?

    <p>Palliative care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding privatization of healthcare according to the text?

    <p>Wealth inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group benefits the most from a privatized healthcare system?

    <p>Wealthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'MAID,' a term legislated in 2016, stand for in the context mentioned?

    <p>Medical Assistance in Dying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of palliative care?

    <p>Minimizing patient pain and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group raises concerns about the dignity of an individual's choice in end-of-life decisions?

    <p>Critics of prolonged life support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nature of the system' as mentioned in the text refers to what specific aspect of healthcare management?

    <p>Reactive vs. preventive healthcare approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Euthanasia' literally means what according to the provided context?

    <p>'Good death'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Passive euthanasia' can be described as:

    <p>'Letting someone die without intervention'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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