Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the Philippine Constitution modified into the Malolos Constitution?
What is the name of the Philippine Constitution modified into the Malolos Constitution?
Malolos Constitution
Who was the foreigner that attended the event instead of Rear Admiral George Dewey?
Who was the foreigner that attended the event instead of Rear Admiral George Dewey?
US Col. L.M. Johnson
Complete the phrase: 'We, the Representatives of the Filipino people, lawfully convened, in order to establish _______.'
Complete the phrase: 'We, the Representatives of the Filipino people, lawfully convened, in order to establish _______.'
justice
What does the 'I. The Republic' article of the Constitution define?
What does the 'I. The Republic' article of the Constitution define?
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What is detailed in 'II. The Government' article of the Constitution?
What is detailed in 'II. The Government' article of the Constitution?
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What does the III. The Constitution focus on?
What does the III. The Constitution focus on?
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What is the significance of the 1899 Constitution?
What is the significance of the 1899 Constitution?
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The 1899 Constitution is recognized internationally.
The 1899 Constitution is recognized internationally.
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What does the National Territory article describe?
What does the National Territory article describe?
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Which principles and values does the Declaration of Principles and State Policies promote?
Which principles and values does the Declaration of Principles and State Policies promote?
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The section on Duties of the Filipino youth includes the establishment and maintenance of various ______.
The section on Duties of the Filipino youth includes the establishment and maintenance of various ______.
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The Citizens article adds provisions for foreign spouses of Filipinas.
The Citizens article adds provisions for foreign spouses of Filipinas.
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What new rights were added in the Bill of Rights?
What new rights were added in the Bill of Rights?
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Who becomes the acting-president in case of a presidential crisis?
Who becomes the acting-president in case of a presidential crisis?
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What was the Legislative Department renamed to?
What was the Legislative Department renamed to?
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What responsibilities are associated with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet?
What responsibilities are associated with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet?
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The Judiciary article was renamed from the Legal Department.
The Judiciary article was renamed from the Legal Department.
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What does the Office of the Ombudsman deal with?
What does the Office of the Ombudsman deal with?
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The National Economy article added a provision for the creation of the National Economic and ______.
The National Economy article added a provision for the creation of the National Economic and ______.
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What does the General Provisions section detail?
What does the General Provisions section detail?
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The transitory provisions include details on the processes during and after Martial Law.
The transitory provisions include details on the processes during and after Martial Law.
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Study Notes
The Philippine Constitution
- The 1899 Constitution is also known as the Malolos Constitution
- It was created by members of the Katipunan who wanted to establish an independent Philippines
- The constitution sought to gain international recognition and support
- The constitution was ratified by Katipuneros
- The constitution was not recognized internationally
- The Acta de la Proclamación de Independencia del Pueblo Filipino (Minutes of the Declaration of Independence of the Filipino People) was the precursor to the Malolos Constitution
- The Malolos Constitution was later modified
- The Malolos Constitution was presented to the international community by L.M.Johnson, a US cinematographer
Constitution Content
- The constitution defines the Philippine Republic. This foundational document serves as the supreme law of the land, establishing the legitimacy and sovereignty of the Philippine state in the context of both domestic and international law.
- It details the structure of the Philippine Government and its limitations. This includes a comprehensive outline of the various branches of government, ensuring that power is distributed and separated to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. This structure aims to uphold democratic principles and protect the rights of the citizens.
- The constitution outlines the religious freedom and the separation of church and state, emphasizing the importance of a secular state where individuals can practice their faith without government interference. This separation is crucial to ensure that no religion is given preferential treatment or status over others, fostering a diverse and inclusive society.
- The constitution details the civil rights of Filipinos and foreigners, ensuring that all individuals within the territory of the Philippines are granted fundamental rights and protections. This section reinforces principles such as equality before the law, due process, and the protection of individual freedoms, irrespective of nationality.
- The constitution also outlines the extent of power and duties of the Legislative Branch, which is responsible for creating laws that govern the country. It delineates the roles of both houses of Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives—and establishes the procedures for law-making, as well as checks and balances to prevent abuse of power.
- The document details the responsibilities of the Permanent Commission, which plays a key role in overseeing and implementing various governmental functions. This commission is essential in ensuring that policies and laws are enacted efficiently and effectively, contributing to the overall governance of the country.
- The constitution defines the Executive Branch’s extent of power and its duties. The Executive Branch plays a critical role in the administration of government, led by the President, who is tasked with enforcing laws and managing the day-to-day affairs of the state. The constitution provides a framework for the President's powers, accountability, and the conduct of the Cabinet.
The National Territory
- Defines the Philippines as an independent nation with air space, territorial seas, and islands under its jurisdiction. This establishes the country's sovereignty over its land and resources, including the rights to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage the natural wealth found within its territory, thus asserting its position in the international community.
Declaration of Principles and State Policies
- Promotes Filipino-centric values such as peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity. These guiding principles serve as the foundation for government policies and actions aimed at promoting national unity and cultural enrichment among the diverse population.
- Includes provisions for the duties of Filipino youth, establishment and maintenance of social services, civilian authority, and autonomy of local government units. This emphasizes the importance of civic engagement among young people and highlights the government's responsibility to provide essential social services while recognizing local governments' rights to make decisions in accordance with their communities’ needs.
Citizens
- Expands on the concept of citizenship, describing not only the criteria for acquiring citizenship but also the rights and obligations that come with it. This helps define the relationship between the state and its citizens, fostering a sense of belonging and responsibility in nation-building.
- Specifies provisions for Filipinas who marry foreigners and defines natural-born citizens. This distinction is crucial for clarifying rights related to citizenship and family, including matters of residency, inheritance, and nationality for children born to mixed-nationality parents.
Bill of Rights
- Adds the right to information and the right to a speedy trial. The inclusion of these rights highlights the commitment to transparency and fairness within the judicial process, ensuring that citizens are informed about governmental actions that affect them and that they have prompt access to legal redress.
- Includes specified explanations for existing rights, providing clarity and guidance on the practical application and limitations of these rights, thereby promoting greater awareness and understanding among the citizenry.
Duties and Obligations of Citizens
- Outlines the responsibilities of citizens to the country and fellow Filipinos. It emphasizes the importance of civic duty, including participation in democratic processes, community service, and adherence to laws, as essential components of a healthy and functioning society.
Suffrage
- Details the right to vote, emphasizing the importance of suffrage as a fundamental democratic principle. This right is essential for empowering citizens to influence government policies, hold elected officials accountable, and participate in the decision-making processes that affect their lives.
The President and Vice-President
- Outlines the distinctions in duties, responsibilities, and criteria for both roles, clarifying the unique functions of the President as the head of state and government, and the Vice-President as the successor in case of vacancy, as well as their roles in managing the executive agenda.
- Specifies that in case of presidential absence or crisis, the head speaker of the National Assembly acts as president. This provision ensures continuity of governance and leadership, preventing power vacuums during transitions.
National Assembly
- Renamed from Legislative Department, reflecting a more modern understanding and structure of legislative functions. This body plays a pivotal role in governance, crafting and enacting laws that shape the nation's future.
- Retains the same responsibilities as before, ensuring the continuation of its legislative authority and functions, which include debating bills, approving budgets, and representing the interests of the populace.
The Prime Minister and the Cabinet
- Renamed from Executive Department, emphasizing the leadership role of the Prime Minister in the governance framework. This title change reflects a shift towards a more parliamentary system of governance.
- Maintains the same responsibilities, affirming the ongoing essential functions of the Cabinet in policy formulation and execution.
- Designates the Prime Minister as head of the Cabinet of Ministers, who coordinates the efforts of various ministries to ensure the implementation of government policies and programs.
- Clarifies that the President also serves as the Prime Minister, indicating a dual role that entails both national leadership and executive oversight, thereby streamlining decision-making processes at the highest level of government.
The Judiciary
- Renamed from the Judicial Department, this reflects a more precise understanding of the judiciary's role as an independent arbiter of justice within the framework of the law.
- Retains the same responsibilities as before, which include adjudicating disputes, interpreting laws, and safeguarding the rights of individuals, thereby upholding the rule of law in society.
Local Government
- Defines the powers and duties of local government unit heads, establishing a clear framework for local governance that enables regional leaders to tailor policies and initiatives according to the specific needs of their constituents.
- Divides the country into provinces, cities, municipalities, and barrios, providing a structured approach to local governance that ensures representation and accountability at all levels of the administrative hierarchy.
The Constitutional Commissions
- Merges three articles into one, including the Commission on Elections, Civil Service Commission, and Commission on Audit, streamlining the oversight functions of these essential bodies.
- Commission on Elections: responsible for election processes, ensuring that elections are conducted fairly, transparently, and in accordance with the law, thus upholding the democratic process.
- Civil Service Commission: renamed from Civil Service; responsible for government employee eligibility, ensuring that merit-based hiring and promotions are prioritized within the civil service to foster efficiency and integrity.
- Commission on Audit: renamed from the General Accounting Office; responsible for government financial reports and accountancy, providing necessary checks and balances to promote transparency and accountability in government spending.
Accountability of Public Officers
- Details the candidates, conditions, and court proceedings of impeachment, reinforcing the importance of accountability among public officials by establishing a clear process for addressing misconduct.
- Establishes the Office of the Ombudsman, which serves as a vital mechanism for investigating public wrongdoing and corruption, thus safeguarding public interest and maintaining governmental integrity.
The National Economy and the Patrimony of the Nation
- Creates the National Economic and Development Authority headed by the Prime Minister, which is tasked with formulating socio-economic policies and guiding the nation’s development agenda for sustainable economic growth.
- Regulates private monopolies and provides opportunities, guidelines, and limitations for Filipino entrepreneurs, ensuring fair competition and fostering a conducive environment for local businesses to thrive while protecting consumer rights.
- Defines government powers during business emergencies, helping to establish protocols that ensure economic stability and protect jobs during crises.
- Stipulates that only Filipinos can utilize natural resources, including agrarian reforms, reinforcing the principle of national patrimony and aiming at the equitable distribution of resources to benefit the Filipino populace.
General Provisions
- Addresses provisions not covered in previous articles, providing a comprehensive legal framework that captures various aspects of governance, social justice, and national identity.
- The National Flag: establishes the significance and design of the national flag as a symbol of sovereignty and unity.
- Adoption of national symbols and a new country name emphasizes the importance of a cohesive national identity and the promotion of Filipino heritage.
- Promulgating the Constitution in English and Filipino ensures accessibility and understanding of the Constitution’s provisions among the diverse linguistic groups in the country.
- National Security Oath mandates the protection and defense of the nation against threats to its independence and territorial integrity.
- Language, science, invention, arts, and letters development highlights the government's role in fostering cultural and intellectual growth, promoting education, research, and artistry as core components of national progress.
- Salary and Tax provisions lay the groundwork for fiscal policies and ensure that the government can fund its operations while remaining transparent and equitable in taxation.
- Education and the Study of the Constitution stresses the importance of civic education, ensuring that citizens are informed about their rights and responsibilities as outlined in the Constitution.
- Technical and Vocational Education promotes skill development and training programs aimed at equipping the workforce with the necessary skills to meet the demands of the economy.
- Separation of Church and State reiterates the independence of the state from religious influence, preserving the rights of all citizens to practice their faith freely.
Filing Cases Against the State
- Details the process for filing cases against the State, providing citizens with a legal avenue to seek justice and accountability from public entities, thus reinforcing the protection of individual rights within the larger legal framework.
Amendments
- Outlines the process for amending the Constitution, ensuring that the document remains a living instrument that can adapt to the evolving needs and values of Filipino society. This process emphasizes the importance of public participation and legislative consensus in any changes to the supreme law.
Transitory Provisions
- Defines the transition period between the Commonwealth and the ratification of the new Constitution, ensuring a smooth transition of governance and legal frameworks during periods of significant change.
- Establishes the Interim National Assembly, which facilitates the transition to the new governmental structure and ensures continuity in legislative operations during the transition phase.
- Details procedures during and after Martial Law, providing guidelines that govern the conduct of authorities and the rights of citizens during times of national emergency, thus balancing state security with civil liberties.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Philippine Constitution, including its historical context, key features, and foundational principles. This quiz covers the 1899 Malolos Constitution and its impact on the establishment of the Philippine Republic.
