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Questions and Answers
There are four parathyroid glands in humans.
True
The parathyroid glands are located on the anterior surface of the thyroid gland.
False
The parathormone is the most important hormone for controlling calcium balance in the blood.
True
Low blood calcium levels trigger the release of parathormone.
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Parathormone works antagonistically to calcitonin.
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Over secretion of parathormone is usually caused by a parathyroid gland tumor.
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Under secretion of parathormone causes hypercalcemia.
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Study Notes
Parathyroid Glands
- There are four parathyroid glands in the human body, located on the thyroid gland.
- They are small, light-colored masses on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
Parathormone
- Parathormone is the single most important hormone controlling calcium balance in the blood.
- Its release is triggered by low blood Ca2 levels and inhibited by high blood calcium levels.
Parathormone Function
- Parathormone works antagonistically to calcitonin.
- Over-secretion of parathormone usually results from a parathyroid gland tumor.
Effects of Over-Secretion
- Calcium is released from bones, causing bone deformation, softening, and increased risk of fracture.
- Blood calcium levels elevate (hypercalcemia), leading to:
- Depression of the nervous system
- Muscle weakness
- Precipitation of excess calcium salts in the kidneys, leading to stone formation
Effects of Under-Secretion
- Under-secretion of parathormone causes hypocalcemia.
- Hypocalcemia increases the excitability of neurons.
- It can lead to tetany, a condition where muscles remain in a contracted state.
- If left untreated, hypocalcemia can be fatal.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the parathyroid glands and their role in calcium balance with this quiz. Learn about the location, function, and regulation of these small, light-colored masses that are crucial for maintaining blood calcium levels.
