7 Questions
What are parathyroid glands?
The parathyroid glands are four small, light-colored masses located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland in humans.
What is the main hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands?
The main hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands is parathormone.
What triggers the release of parathormone?
The release of parathormone is triggered by low blood calcium levels (Ca2).
What inhibits the release of parathormone?
The release of parathormone is inhibited by high blood calcium levels.
How does parathormone work in relation to calcitonin?
Parathormone works antagonistically to calcitonin.
What are the consequences of over secretion of parathormone?
Over secretion of parathormone can result in the release of calcium from bones, leading to bone deformity, softening, and spontaneous fractures.
What are the consequences of under secretion of parathormone?
Under secretion of parathormone can cause hypocalcemia, increased excitability of neurons, and muscle tetany.
Study Notes
Parathyroid Glands
- There are four parathyroid glands located on the thyroid gland.
Function of Parathyroid Glands
- The parathyroid glands produce parathormone, a hormone that controls calcium balance in the blood.
- Parathormone is released when blood calcium levels are low and inhibited when levels are high.
Interaction with Calcitonin
- Parathormone works antagonistically to calcitonin.
Effects of Oversecretion of Parathormone
- Oversecretion of parathormone can be caused by a parathyroid gland tumor.
- Calcium is released from bones, leading to:
- Bone deformation and softening
- Increased risk of spontaneous fractures
- Elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia)
- Depression of the nervous system
- Weakness in muscles
- Precipitation of excess calcium salts in kidneys, leading to stone formation
Effects of Undersecretion of Parathormone
- Undersecretion of parathormone causes hypocalcemia.
- Hypocalcemia leads to:
- Increased excitability of neurons
- Tetany (muscles remain in a contracted state)
- Fatal consequences if left untreated
Test your knowledge on the parathyroid glands and their role in calcium balance with this quiz. Learn about the location, function, and regulation of these small, light-colored masses that are crucial for maintaining blood calcium levels.
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