54 Questions
What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?
Nose
Where is the nose attached?
To the forehead by the bridge
What leads to the nasal cavity?
The anterior nares or nostrils
What bounds each nostril laterally?
The ala
What bounds each nostril medially?
The nasal septum
What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?
Hard (bony) palate
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the roof of the nasal cavity?
Vomer bone
What forms the anterior part of the medial wall (nasal septum)?
Septal cartilage
Which structure covers the osteocartilaginous nasal septum?
Mucoperiosteum
Which bone forms the superior part of the medial wall (nasal septum)?
Vertical (perpendicular) plate of ethmoid bone
Where are the frontal sinuses located?
Within the frontal bone
Which of the following groups is NOT a part of the ethmoidal sinuses?
Inferior
Which sinus is located under the orbits in the upper jawbone?
Maxillary sinuses
What separates the two frontal sinuses?
Bony septum
Into which structure do the anterior ethmoidal sinuses open?
Infundibulum
How many horizontal bony projections does the lateral wall show?
Three
What covers the bony projections in the lateral wall?
Mucous membrane
Which of the following is not a name for one of the horizontal bony projections?
Posterior conchae
Which term is synonymous with 'conchae'?
Turbinates
Which is the correct order of the bony projections from top to bottom?
Superior, Middle, Inferior
Which nerve supplies the sphenoidal sinuses?
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
What is one of the primary functions of the sphenoidal sinuses?
To act as resonators for speech
How many sphenoidal sinuses are typically present?
Two
Into which part of the nasal cavity do the sphenoidal sinuses open?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Which bone contains the maxillary sinus?
Maxillary bone
Which bones form the upper part of the nose?
Nasal part of frontal bone
The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by which structure?
Nasal septum
What type of cartilage forms the lower part of the nose?
Hyaline cartilage
Which of the following is NOT part of the nasal framework?
Mandible
The nasal cavity extends from the external nares to which structure?
Posterior nares
Which function of the nasal cavity involves warming and humidifying inhaled air?
Air conditioning
Which function of the paranasal sinuses is related to the speech?
Act as resonant chambers
What role do the paranasal sinuses play in relation to sound?
Provide resonance to the voice
What is the shape of the maxillary sinuses?
Pyramidal
Which epithelial tissue is located at the top of the nasal cavity and is primarily responsible for the sense of smell?
Olfactory epithelium
Which of the following sinuses is not included in the paranasal sinuses?
Temporal sinus
Where does the roof of the maxillary sinus lie?
Floor of the orbit
Into which meatus does the maxillary sinuses open?
Middle meatus
How do the paranasal sinuses connect with the nasal cavity?
Through small apertures
What helps propel mucus towards the openings of the nasal cavity from the sinuses?
Beating of the cilia
Which nerves supply the maxillary sinuses?
Superior alveolar & infraorbital nerves
Which imaging technique is most reliable for determining if the sinuses are obstructed?
Computed Tomography (CT)
Where are the frontal sinuses located?
In the frontal bone
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CT scanning?
Invasive
Which sinus is located in the maxillary bone?
Maxillary sinus
Which one of these sinuses is located within the ethmoid bone?
Ethmoid sinus
What structure divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?
Nasal septum
Which structure separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Where is the superior nasal meatus located?
Below the superior turbinate
What is the function of the sella turcica?
Houses the pituitary gland
What is the vestibule in relation to the nasal cavity?
The anterior portion of the nasal cavity
Which structure is closely associated with the olfactory region?
Ethmoid air sinuses
Which structure is found at the junction between the nasopharynx and oropharynx?
Posterior nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
What can be found below the superior concha?
Middle concha
Study Notes
Nose
- The nose is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system.
- It has a free tip and is attached to the forehead by the root or the bridge.
- The nose has two openings, the anterior (external) nares or nostrils, which lead to the nasal cavity.
- Each nostril is bounded laterally by the ala and medially by the nasal septum.
- The nose consists of a bony and cartilaginous framework.
- The bony framework is formed by:
- Nasal bones
- Frontal processes of maxillae
- Nasal part of frontal bone
- The cartilaginous framework is formed by plates of hyaline cartilage, including:
- Upper and lower nasal cartilages
- Septal cartilage
Nasal Cavity
- The nasal cavity extends from the external (anterior) nares to the posterior nares (choanae).
- The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum.
- Each half has four walls:
- Floor
- Roof
- Lateral wall
- Medial wall (septum)
- The nasal septum is an osteocartilaginous structure that lies in the midline.
- The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and separates it from the cranial cavity above.
- The cribriform plate is perforated by numerous foramina that allow passage of olfactory nerves.
Functions of the Nose and Nasal Cavity
- The nose and nasal cavity have several functions:
- Conditioning the air: warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we breathe
- Production of sounds: the nasal cavity is connected to the larynx and helps in producing sounds
- Smell: the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptors that help us sense smells
- Aesthetic function: the nose plays a key role in the appearance of the face
Paranasal Sinuses
- The paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities within the bones of the skull that surround the nasal cavity.
- They are lined with respiratory mucosa and help in:
- Lightening the skull
- Acting as resonators for speech
- Warming, cleaning, and moistening the incoming air
- There are four types of paranasal sinuses:
- Frontal sinus
- Ethmoid sinus
- Sphenoid sinus
- Maxillary sinus
Maxillary Sinus
- The maxillary sinus is located within the body of the maxilla.
- It is pyramidal in shape with the base forming the lateral wall of the nose and the apex lying in the zygomatic process of the maxilla.
- The roof of the maxillary sinus is formed by the floor of the orbit.
- The floor of the maxillary sinus is formed by the alveolar border.
- The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris.
Other Paranasal Sinuses
- The frontal sinus is located within the frontal bone and opens into the middle meatus.
- The ethmoid sinus is located within the ethmoid bone and is divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups.
- The sphenoid sinus is located within the body of the sphenoid bone and opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess.
Diagnosis of Paranasal Sinuses Defect
- Diagnosis of paranasal sinuses defect is done by X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT).
- CT scanning is a painless, non-invasive, and accurate method for diagnosing paranasal sinus defects.
- CT scanning is the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed.
Learn about the external and internal features of the nose, including its bony and cartilaginous framework, nasal cavity, and nostrils.
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