The Nose: Anatomy and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?

  • Larynx
  • Nose (correct)
  • Trachea
  • Lungs

    • Where is the nose attached?

  • To the chin by the root
  • To the forehead by the bridge (correct)
  • To the ears by the sides
  • To the neck by the base

    • What leads to the nasal cavity?

  • The internal nares
  • The oral cavity
  • The pharynx
  • The anterior nares or nostrils (correct)

    • What bounds each nostril laterally?

    <p>The ala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bounds each nostril medially?

    <p>The nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

    <p>Hard (bony) palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is NOT part of the roof of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Vomer bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the anterior part of the medial wall (nasal septum)?

    <p>Septal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure covers the osteocartilaginous nasal septum?

    <p>Mucoperiosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the superior part of the medial wall (nasal septum)?

    <p>Vertical (perpendicular) plate of ethmoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the frontal sinuses located?

    <p>Within the frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is NOT a part of the ethmoidal sinuses?

    <p>Inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinus is located under the orbits in the upper jawbone?

    <p>Maxillary sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the two frontal sinuses?

    <p>Bony septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Into which structure do the anterior ethmoidal sinuses open?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many horizontal bony projections does the lateral wall show?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers the bony projections in the lateral wall?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a name for one of the horizontal bony projections?

    <p>Posterior conchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is synonymous with 'conchae'?

    <p>Turbinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct order of the bony projections from top to bottom?

    <p>Superior, Middle, Inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the sphenoidal sinuses?

    <p>Posterior ethmoidal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of the sphenoidal sinuses?

    <p>To act as resonators for speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sphenoidal sinuses are typically present?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Into which part of the nasal cavity do the sphenoidal sinuses open?

    <p>Sphenoethmoidal recess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone contains the maxillary sinus?

    <p>Maxillary bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the upper part of the nose?

    <p>Nasal part of frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by which structure?

    <p>Nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage forms the lower part of the nose?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the nasal framework?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity extends from the external nares to which structure?

    <p>Posterior nares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the nasal cavity involves warming and humidifying inhaled air?

    <p>Air conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the paranasal sinuses is related to the speech?

    <p>Act as resonant chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the paranasal sinuses play in relation to sound?

    <p>Provide resonance to the voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the maxillary sinuses?

    <p>Pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelial tissue is located at the top of the nasal cavity and is primarily responsible for the sense of smell?

    <p>Olfactory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sinuses is not included in the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Temporal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the roof of the maxillary sinus lie?

    <p>Floor of the orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Into which meatus does the maxillary sinuses open?

    <p>Middle meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the paranasal sinuses connect with the nasal cavity?

    <p>Through small apertures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps propel mucus towards the openings of the nasal cavity from the sinuses?

    <p>Beating of the cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves supply the maxillary sinuses?

    <p>Superior alveolar &amp; infraorbital nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is most reliable for determining if the sinuses are obstructed?

    <p>Computed Tomography (CT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the frontal sinuses located?

    <p>In the frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CT scanning?

    <p>Invasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinus is located in the maxillary bone?

    <p>Maxillary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these sinuses is located within the ethmoid bone?

    <p>Ethmoid sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

    <p>Nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?

    <p>Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the superior nasal meatus located?

    <p>Below the superior turbinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sella turcica?

    <p>Houses the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vestibule in relation to the nasal cavity?

    <p>The anterior portion of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is closely associated with the olfactory region?

    <p>Ethmoid air sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is found at the junction between the nasopharynx and oropharynx?

    <p>Posterior nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be found below the superior concha?

    <p>Middle concha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nose

    • The nose is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system.
    • It has a free tip and is attached to the forehead by the root or the bridge.
    • The nose has two openings, the anterior (external) nares or nostrils, which lead to the nasal cavity.
    • Each nostril is bounded laterally by the ala and medially by the nasal septum.
    • The nose consists of a bony and cartilaginous framework.
    • The bony framework is formed by:
      • Nasal bones
      • Frontal processes of maxillae
      • Nasal part of frontal bone
    • The cartilaginous framework is formed by plates of hyaline cartilage, including:
      • Upper and lower nasal cartilages
      • Septal cartilage

    Nasal Cavity

    • The nasal cavity extends from the external (anterior) nares to the posterior nares (choanae).
    • The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum.
    • Each half has four walls:
      • Floor
      • Roof
      • Lateral wall
      • Medial wall (septum)
    • The nasal septum is an osteocartilaginous structure that lies in the midline.
    • The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and separates it from the cranial cavity above.
    • The cribriform plate is perforated by numerous foramina that allow passage of olfactory nerves.

    Functions of the Nose and Nasal Cavity

    • The nose and nasal cavity have several functions:
      • Conditioning the air: warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we breathe
      • Production of sounds: the nasal cavity is connected to the larynx and helps in producing sounds
      • Smell: the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptors that help us sense smells
      • Aesthetic function: the nose plays a key role in the appearance of the face

    Paranasal Sinuses

    • The paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities within the bones of the skull that surround the nasal cavity.
    • They are lined with respiratory mucosa and help in:
      • Lightening the skull
      • Acting as resonators for speech
      • Warming, cleaning, and moistening the incoming air
    • There are four types of paranasal sinuses:
      • Frontal sinus
      • Ethmoid sinus
      • Sphenoid sinus
      • Maxillary sinus

    Maxillary Sinus

    • The maxillary sinus is located within the body of the maxilla.
    • It is pyramidal in shape with the base forming the lateral wall of the nose and the apex lying in the zygomatic process of the maxilla.
    • The roof of the maxillary sinus is formed by the floor of the orbit.
    • The floor of the maxillary sinus is formed by the alveolar border.
    • The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris.

    Other Paranasal Sinuses

    • The frontal sinus is located within the frontal bone and opens into the middle meatus.
    • The ethmoid sinus is located within the ethmoid bone and is divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups.
    • The sphenoid sinus is located within the body of the sphenoid bone and opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess.

    Diagnosis of Paranasal Sinuses Defect

    • Diagnosis of paranasal sinuses defect is done by X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT).
    • CT scanning is a painless, non-invasive, and accurate method for diagnosing paranasal sinus defects.
    • CT scanning is the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed.

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    Description

    Learn about the external and internal features of the nose, including its bony and cartilaginous framework, nasal cavity, and nostrils.

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