The Nose: Anatomy and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?

  • Larynx
  • Nose (correct)
  • Trachea
  • Lungs

Where is the nose attached?

  • To the chin by the root
  • To the forehead by the bridge (correct)
  • To the ears by the sides
  • To the neck by the base

What leads to the nasal cavity?

  • The internal nares
  • The oral cavity
  • The pharynx
  • The anterior nares or nostrils (correct)

What bounds each nostril laterally?

<p>The ala (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bounds each nostril medially?

<p>The nasal septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

<p>Hard (bony) palate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the roof of the nasal cavity?

<p>Vomer bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the anterior part of the medial wall (nasal septum)?

<p>Septal cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure covers the osteocartilaginous nasal septum?

<p>Mucoperiosteum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the superior part of the medial wall (nasal septum)?

<p>Vertical (perpendicular) plate of ethmoid bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the frontal sinuses located?

<p>Within the frontal bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is NOT a part of the ethmoidal sinuses?

<p>Inferior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus is located under the orbits in the upper jawbone?

<p>Maxillary sinuses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the two frontal sinuses?

<p>Bony septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into which structure do the anterior ethmoidal sinuses open?

<p>Infundibulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many horizontal bony projections does the lateral wall show?

<p>Three (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What covers the bony projections in the lateral wall?

<p>Mucous membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a name for one of the horizontal bony projections?

<p>Posterior conchae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is synonymous with 'conchae'?

<p>Turbinates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct order of the bony projections from top to bottom?

<p>Superior, Middle, Inferior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the sphenoidal sinuses?

<p>Posterior ethmoidal nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the sphenoidal sinuses?

<p>To act as resonators for speech (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sphenoidal sinuses are typically present?

<p>Two (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into which part of the nasal cavity do the sphenoidal sinuses open?

<p>Sphenoethmoidal recess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone contains the maxillary sinus?

<p>Maxillary bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the upper part of the nose?

<p>Nasal part of frontal bone (A), Nasal bones (B), Frontal processes of maxillae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by which structure?

<p>Nasal septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage forms the lower part of the nose?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the nasal framework?

<p>Mandible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nasal cavity extends from the external nares to which structure?

<p>Posterior nares (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the nasal cavity involves warming and humidifying inhaled air?

<p>Air conditioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the paranasal sinuses is related to the speech?

<p>Act as resonant chambers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the paranasal sinuses play in relation to sound?

<p>Provide resonance to the voice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the maxillary sinuses?

<p>Pyramidal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which epithelial tissue is located at the top of the nasal cavity and is primarily responsible for the sense of smell?

<p>Olfactory epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sinuses is not included in the paranasal sinuses?

<p>Temporal sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the roof of the maxillary sinus lie?

<p>Floor of the orbit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into which meatus does the maxillary sinuses open?

<p>Middle meatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the paranasal sinuses connect with the nasal cavity?

<p>Through small apertures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What helps propel mucus towards the openings of the nasal cavity from the sinuses?

<p>Beating of the cilia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves supply the maxillary sinuses?

<p>Superior alveolar &amp; infraorbital nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is most reliable for determining if the sinuses are obstructed?

<p>Computed Tomography (CT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the frontal sinuses located?

<p>In the frontal bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CT scanning?

<p>Invasive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus is located in the maxillary bone?

<p>Maxillary sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these sinuses is located within the ethmoid bone?

<p>Ethmoid sinus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

<p>Nasal septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity?

<p>Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the superior nasal meatus located?

<p>Below the superior turbinate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sella turcica?

<p>Houses the pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vestibule in relation to the nasal cavity?

<p>The anterior portion of the nasal cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is closely associated with the olfactory region?

<p>Ethmoid air sinuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found at the junction between the nasopharynx and oropharynx?

<p>Posterior nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be found below the superior concha?

<p>Middle concha (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the nose?

The only externally visible part of the respiratory system. It has a free tip and is attached to the forehead.

What are the nostrils?

The two openings of the nose, leading to the nasal cavity.

What supports the structure of the nose?

The bony and cartilaginous framework supports the nose.

What are the main bones of the nasal framework?

The nasal bones, frontal processes of maxillae, and nasal part of frontal bone form the bony structure.

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What cartilages help the nose move?

The upper and lower nasal cartilages and septal cartilage provide flexibility.

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What is the nasal cavity?

It extends from the nostrils to the back of the throat.

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What separates the right and left sides of the nasal cavity?

The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into two halves.

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What is one major function of the nose and nasal cavity?

Warming, humidifying, and filtering the air.

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How does the olfactory sense work?

The cribriform plate is perforated by numerous foramina that allow passage of olfactory nerves.

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What are the paranasal sinuses?

Air-filled cavities in the skull surrounding the nasal cavity.

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What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

Lightening the skull, acting as resonators for speech, and warming, cleaning, and moistening the incoming air.

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What are the four main paranasal sinuses?

The frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses.

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Where is the maxillary sinus located?

Located within the body of the maxilla, pyramidal in shape.

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How does the maxillary sinus connect to the nasal cavity?

The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus.

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Where is the frontal sinus located?

Located in the frontal bone, it opens into the middle meatus.

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Where is the ethmoid sinus located?

Located within the ethmoid bone, divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups.

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Where is the sphenoid sinus located?

Located in the sphenoid bone, it opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess.

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What is CT scanning?

It is a painless non-invasive imaging technique for diagnosing paranasal sinus defects.

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How does CT scanning help diagnose sinus problems?

CT scanning allows doctors to see if the sinuses are blocked.

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What is an aesthetic function of the nose?

The nose and nasal cavity play a role in facial appearance.

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What is the role of the nasal cavity in sound production?

The nasal cavity connects to the larynx, helping produce sounds.

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What is the significance of the bony structure in the nose?

The bony framework provides support and structure to the nose.

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Why is the cartilaginous framework important in the nose?

The cartilaginous framework allows flexibility and movement in the nose.

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What forms the base of the nasal cavity?

The floor of the nasal cavity.

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Study Notes

Nose

  • The nose is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system.
  • It has a free tip and is attached to the forehead by the root or the bridge.
  • The nose has two openings, the anterior (external) nares or nostrils, which lead to the nasal cavity.
  • Each nostril is bounded laterally by the ala and medially by the nasal septum.
  • The nose consists of a bony and cartilaginous framework.
  • The bony framework is formed by:
    • Nasal bones
    • Frontal processes of maxillae
    • Nasal part of frontal bone
  • The cartilaginous framework is formed by plates of hyaline cartilage, including:
    • Upper and lower nasal cartilages
    • Septal cartilage

Nasal Cavity

  • The nasal cavity extends from the external (anterior) nares to the posterior nares (choanae).
  • The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum.
  • Each half has four walls:
    • Floor
    • Roof
    • Lateral wall
    • Medial wall (septum)
  • The nasal septum is an osteocartilaginous structure that lies in the midline.
  • The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and separates it from the cranial cavity above.
  • The cribriform plate is perforated by numerous foramina that allow passage of olfactory nerves.

Functions of the Nose and Nasal Cavity

  • The nose and nasal cavity have several functions:
    • Conditioning the air: warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we breathe
    • Production of sounds: the nasal cavity is connected to the larynx and helps in producing sounds
    • Smell: the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptors that help us sense smells
    • Aesthetic function: the nose plays a key role in the appearance of the face

Paranasal Sinuses

  • The paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities within the bones of the skull that surround the nasal cavity.
  • They are lined with respiratory mucosa and help in:
    • Lightening the skull
    • Acting as resonators for speech
    • Warming, cleaning, and moistening the incoming air
  • There are four types of paranasal sinuses:
    • Frontal sinus
    • Ethmoid sinus
    • Sphenoid sinus
    • Maxillary sinus

Maxillary Sinus

  • The maxillary sinus is located within the body of the maxilla.
  • It is pyramidal in shape with the base forming the lateral wall of the nose and the apex lying in the zygomatic process of the maxilla.
  • The roof of the maxillary sinus is formed by the floor of the orbit.
  • The floor of the maxillary sinus is formed by the alveolar border.
  • The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris.

Other Paranasal Sinuses

  • The frontal sinus is located within the frontal bone and opens into the middle meatus.
  • The ethmoid sinus is located within the ethmoid bone and is divided into anterior, middle, and posterior groups.
  • The sphenoid sinus is located within the body of the sphenoid bone and opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess.

Diagnosis of Paranasal Sinuses Defect

  • Diagnosis of paranasal sinuses defect is done by X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT).
  • CT scanning is a painless, non-invasive, and accurate method for diagnosing paranasal sinus defects.
  • CT scanning is the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed.

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Description

Learn about the external and internal features of the nose, including its bony and cartilaginous framework, nasal cavity, and nostrils.

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