The Nervous System Overview
40 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in relation to the brain?

  • Maintains constant temperature of the brain
  • Protects the brain from physical injury
  • Regulates cerebral blood flow (correct)
  • Acts as a reservoir for nutrients

    • How does the protein content of CSF compare to that of blood plasma?

  • CSF is nearly protein-free (correct)
  • CSF contains about the same amount of protein
  • CSF contains significantly more red blood cells
  • CSF has a higher protein concentration

    • What indicates a potential problem when examining CSF cell counts?

  • More than 5 red blood cells per mm3
  • A complete lack of white blood cells
  • Fewer than 5 white blood cells per mm3
  • More than 5 white blood cells per mm3 (correct)

    • Which structure is NOT part of the brain's ventricular system?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the occipital lobe?

    <p>Posterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is primarily associated with the frontal lobe of the brain?

    <p>Emotional response control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a potential symptom of a stroke?

    <p>Sudden dizziness and loss of balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the parietal lobe contribute to sensory perception?

    <p>It is responsible for touch perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the occipital lobe?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the extra-pyramidal motor system?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cranial nerves?

    <p>Transport sensory information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the brain stem?

    <p>Regulation of heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe?

    <p>Tentorium cerebelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Regulation of involuntary actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure is involved in the coordination of involuntary motion?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable function of the brain stem related to alertness?

    <p>Regulating sleep cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do oligodendrocytes play in the central nervous system?

    <p>They provide myelin wrapping for axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the composition of grey matter?

    <p>It contains dendrites, neuronal cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of astrocytes in the brain?

    <p>They play an intermediary role in neuron nutrition and metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptions accurately reflects the function of the synaptic cleft?

    <p>It acts as a gap between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain?

    <p>It provides cushioning for neuronal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?

    <p>By ependymal cells in the choroid plexus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for the myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does myelin have on nerve impulses?

    <p>It allows signals to jump, increasing transmission speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 12th cranial nerve?

    <p>Control motor function of the tongue and mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the role of the vagus nerve?

    <p>It represents the major component of the para-sympathetic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers do afferent nerves contain?

    <p>Sensory information from receptors towards the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fasciculus gracilis is associated with which type of information?

    <p>Sensory information primarily from the lower body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve structure is primarily formed by networks supplying the limbs?

    <p>Cervical plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many segments are present in the thoracic part of the spinal cord?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'mixed nerves' refer to in the context of peripheral nerves?

    <p>Nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the spinal cord contains the anterior/ventral horn?

    <p>Medullary spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 5th cranial nerve, known as the Trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Chewing and sensory functions of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

    <p>Olfactory Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 7th cranial nerve, also known as the Facial nerve, is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?

    <p>Facial expression and chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of cranial nerves is involved in eye movement and coordination?

    <p>Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducent Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 8th cranial nerve, the Acoustic/ Auditory nerve, play?

    <p>Sense of balance and hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for conducting sensory impressions from which of the following areas?

    <p>Tongue, palate, and pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant evolutionary relationship between smell and taste as proposed in the content?

    <p>They are ancient brain functions and are anatomically connected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is specifically associated with accommodation and adaptation of the eye?

    <p>Oculomotor Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Nervous System

    • The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.
    • The PNS includes nerves branching from the brain and spinal cord.
    • The PNS has an afferent division (sensory) and an efferent division (motor).
    • Sensory neurons carry information from the periphery to the CNS
    • Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to the body.
    • The motor division further divides into somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary).
    • The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle.
    • The autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle (e.g., intestines), cardiac muscle (heart), and glands.
    • The autonomic system is further divided into sympathetic ("fight-or-flight") and parasympathetic ("rest-or-digest").

    Development of the Nervous System

    • The nervous system develops from the ectodermal germinal sheet.
    • This process involves the formation of the neural plate, which then folds into a neural groove and eventually a neural tube.
    • The neural tube forms the CNS.
    • The neural crest cells migrate to form parts of the PNS.

    Adult Brain Derivatives

    • The brain develops from three primary vesicles (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon).
    • These further develop into five secondary vesicles (telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon).
    • The telencephalon forms the cerebral hemispheres.
    • The diencephalon forms the thalamus and hypothalamus.
    • The mesencephalon forms the midbrain.
    • The metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum.
    • The myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata

    Brain Stem

    • The brainstem is situated deep in the brain and connects to the spinal cord.
    • It contains centers for involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, swallowing, reflexes, and regulates consciousness.
    • The brainstem contains the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain
    • It controls autonomic functions.

    Cerebellum

    • The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa, behind the brainstem.
    • It’s connected to the brainstem and coordinates involuntary movements, balance, and body posture.

    Cranial Nerves

    • There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves that connect to the brain.
    • They transmit sensory and motor information to and from structures in the head and neck.
    • The different cranial nerves are numbered (I-XII) with varying functions (e.g., sense of smell, eye movements, facial expressions, hearing and balance, taste, swallowing, throat and neck muscles etc).

    The Liquor Systems

    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear liquid that cushions and supports the brain and spinal cord.
    • The CSF is produced by choroid plexuses and circulates within the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
    • CSF is vital for cerebral autoregulation.

    Blood Supply Of The Brain

    • The brain is supplied by arteries originating from the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.
    • There is a circle of Willis.
    • The major arteries supplying the brain are the internal carotid and vertebral.

    The Basal Ganglia

    • The basal ganglia are important in controlling movement.
    • The basal ganglia, situated in the brain, aid in motor control and motor movement.

    Grey and White matter

    • Grey matter contains cell bodies and nerve endings.
    • White matter contains axons (nerve fibers) covered in myelin, which aids neural conductivity.

    Parkinson’s Disease

    • Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder impacting movement and balance.
    • Symptoms can include tremors, rigidity, slow movements, and postural instability.

    Glial Cells

    • Glial cells are the supportive cells in the nervous system.
    • Glial cells are more numerous than neurons and maintain the health and function of the nervous system.
    • Examples include astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells

    Nerves of the Arm and Leg

    • Nerves in the periphery of the nervous system supply the limbs (arms and legs).
    • A plexus is a network of intersecting nerves
    • Cervical and lumbar plexuses supply arms and legs. -Intercostal nerves supply the thorax (chest)

    Sensory/Motor Nerves

    • Sensory nerves transmit information from the body to the brain.
    • Motor nerves transmit information from the brain to the body to create movement.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Nervous System PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the structure and function of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. It details the roles of sensory and motor neurons, the divisions of the autonomic system, and the development process of the nervous system. Test your knowledge on this essential biological system.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser