Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly lists the two anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
Which of the following correctly lists the two anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
What is the primary function of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?
What is the primary function of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?
Damage to the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system would most likely result in:
Damage to the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system would most likely result in:
A tissue sample containing unipolar neurons suggests that these cells are most likely:
A tissue sample containing unipolar neurons suggests that these cells are most likely:
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of neuroglial cell increases in number due to a CNS infection?
Which type of neuroglial cell increases in number due to a CNS infection?
Signup and view all the answers
Decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium would cause the neuron's membrane potential to:
Decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium would cause the neuron's membrane potential to:
Signup and view all the answers
An axon that conducts action potentials at 50 meters per second is likely:
An axon that conducts action potentials at 50 meters per second is likely:
Signup and view all the answers
Blocking calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse would directly cause:
Blocking calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse would directly cause:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is divided into two main anatomical divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Functional Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System
- The PNS is further divided into two functional divisions: the afferent and efferent divisions.
- The afferent division transmits sensory information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
- The efferent division carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.
Effects of Afferent Division Damage
- Damage to the afferent division would impair the ability to perceive sensory information, impacting awareness of the internal and external environment.
Neuron Structure
- A typical neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
Sensory vs. Motor Neurons
- Unipolar neurons are more likely to be sensory neurons.
Neuroglia of the Central Nervous System
- Neuroglia in the CNS include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.
Glial Cells and Infection
- Microglia would increase in number in response to a CNS infection.
Neuron Location and Supporting Cells in the PNS
- Neuron cell bodies in the PNS are located in ganglia and surrounded by satellite cells.
Blocking Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
- Blocking voltage-gated sodium channels would prevent depolarization and inhibit action potential generation in a neuron.
Effect of Decreasing Extracellular Potassium
- Decreasing extracellular potassium would hyperpolarize the neuron's membrane potential.
Action Potential Steps
- Action potential generation and propagation involves several steps:
- Depolarization, followed by repolarization.
- Propagation of the action potential along the axon.
Myelinated Axons
- An axon with a propagation velocity of 50 meters per second is myelinated; the one with 1 meter per second is unmyelinated.
Synapse Structure
- Synapses include a presynaptic neuron, a synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic neuron. Neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic neuron bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
Blocking Calcium Channels at a Cholinergic Synapse
- Blocking calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse would disrupt neurotransmitter release, impairing synapse function.
Neural Circuit for Motor Control
- A neural circuit that permits both conscious and subconscious control of motor neurons is a reverberating circuit.
Meninges
- The three meninges surrounding the CNS are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
Brain Region Functions
- Each brain region has specific functions. (Specific functions not provided in the question)
Pituitary Gland Attachment
- The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus, a portion of the diencephalon.
Arachnoid Granulation Diffusion
- Decreased diffusion across arachnoid granulations would increase cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume in ventricles.
Primary Motor Cortex Location
- The primary motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe.
Temporal Lobe Damage Effects
- Damage to the temporal lobes would affect auditory and olfactory senses, as well as memory.
Thalamus Sensory Relay
- The thalamus acts as a relay point for all sensory information except olfactory (smell) sensations.
Diancephalon Temperature Regulation
- Changes in body temperature stimulate the hypothalamus, a region of the diencephalon.
Medulla Oblongata Damage
- Damage to the medulla oblongata can cause death due to its control of vital functions (respiratory and cardiovascular). Damage to other brain areas might not affect essential life-sustaining functions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the anatomical divisions of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as their functional divisions. It examines neuron structure, the role of different neuron types, and the effects of damage to the nervous system. Test your knowledge on how the nervous system functions and its components.
