The Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following parts of the brain with their corresponding orientation:

Dorsal = Upper part of the horizontal plane Ventral = Lower part of the horizontal plane Anterior = Front of the coronal plane Posterior = Back of the coronal plane

Match the following types of brain tissue with their characteristics:

White Matter = Consists mostly of axons with myelin sheaths Gray Matter = Contains more cell bodies and dendrites Fiber/Tract = A bundle of axons Myelin = Insulation around axons

Match the following planes of the brain with their functions:

Horizontal Plane = Divides the brain into upper and lower parts Sagittal Plane = Divides the brain into right and left halves Midsagittal = Divides the brain directly in the center Coronal Plane = Divides the brain into front and back regions

Match the following components of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) and their characteristics:

ENS = Sometimes referred to as the 'second brain' CNS = Central nervous system that communicates with the ENS Independent operation = ENS operates largely independently Autonomic Nervous System = Regulates involuntary functions including ENS Signup and view all the answers

Match the following views of the brain with their descriptions:

Anterior View = View from the front of the brain Posterior View = View from the back of the brain Lateral View = View from the side of the brain Dorsal View = View from the top of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following brain structures with their primary functions:

Broca’s Area = Speech production Wernicke’s Area = Language comprehension Prefrontal Cortex = Cognitive control and problem solving Cingulate Gyrus = Regulating emotion and pain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of brain matter with their descriptions:

White Matter = Axonal fiber tracts; myelin gives it a white appearance Gray Matter = Neuronal cell bodies and dendrites Nuclei = A collection of neurons Gyri = Smooth/flat surfaces of the cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

Match the following lobes of the brain with their primary functions:

Frontal Lobe = Higher level cognition and motor control Parietal Lobe = Processes spatial information Temporal Lobe = Audition and aspects of learning Occipital Lobe = Visual processing Signup and view all the answers

Match the following membranes with their characteristics:

Dura mater = Tough outermost sheet Arachnoid = Spiderweb-like cushioning layer Pia mater = Delicate innermost layer Meninges = Three protective membranes surrounding the brain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their anatomical descriptions:

Central Sulcus = Divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe Sylvian (Lateral) Fissure = Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes Longitudinal Fissure = Separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres Corpus Callosum = Nerve fiber tracts connecting the two cerebral hemispheres Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cortex areas with their functions:

Auditory Cortex = Processing auditory (sound) stimuli Postcentral Gyrus = Primary somatosensory cortex (touch) Precentral Gyrus = Primary motor cortex (movement control) Orbitofrontal Cortex = Decision making and emotional responses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cortex regions with their notable features:

Cerebral Cortex = Outermost layer of the brain for higher level processing Gyri = Smooth surfaces of the cerebral cortex Sulci = Grooves/indentations of the cerebral cortex Prefrontal Cortex = Regulates attention and decision making Signup and view all the answers

Match the following areas with their respective contributions:

Broca’s Area = Involved in speech production Wernicke’s Area = Essential for language comprehension Temporal Lobe = Key for hearing and smell Cingulate Gyrus = Involved in emotion regulation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following divisions of the nervous system with their primary functions:

Central Nervous System (CNS) = Processing information and controlling behavior Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) = Connecting the CNS to the body Somatic Nervous System = Controlling voluntary movements Autonomic Nervous System = Regulating involuntary body functions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the Peripheral Nervous System with their characteristics:

Cranial Nerves = 12 paired nerves emerging from the brain Spinal Nerves = 31 pairs of nerves connected to the spinal cord Sympathetic Nervous System = Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' Parasympathetic Nervous System = Promotes 'rest and digest' activities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions with the appropriate systems:

Peristalsis = Controlled by the Enteric Nervous System Heart Rate Increase = Sympathetic Nervous System response Secretion of Digestive Enzymes = Function of Enteric Nervous System Muscle Movement = Somatic Nervous System control Signup and view all the answers

Match the following systems with their primary focus:

Sympathetic Nervous System = Increased blood pressure and heart rate Parasympathetic Nervous System = Decreased heart rate and promotes digestion Somatic Nervous System = Voluntary muscle control Enteric Nervous System = Governing gastrointestinal tract functions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the proper nervous system components:

Autonomic Nervous System = Includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems Peripheral Nervous System = Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body Central Nervous System = Consists of the brain and spinal cord Enteric Nervous System = Network of neurons managing digestion Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of nerve with its characteristic region:

Cranial Nerves = Emerge from the brain Spinal Nerves = Emerge from the spinal cord Somatic Nervous System = Controls major muscles Autonomic Nervous System = Regulates internal organs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nervous system responses with their correct descriptions:

Fight or Flight Response = Related to sympathetic activation Rest and Digest = Associated with parasympathetic activation Control of Viscera = Managed by the autonomic nervous system Voluntary Control = Enabled by the somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions to the respective nervous system components:

Activation of Digestive Processes = Primarily governed by the Enteric Nervous System Sensory and Muscle Control = Involves the Somatic Nervous System Response to Stress = Engages the Sympathetic Nervous System Relaxation of Body Functions = Facilitated by the Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Match the following brain structures with their primary functions:

Hippocampus = Facilitates learning and memory Amygdala = Regulates emotion (fear and aggressive behavior) Pons = Breathing and heart rate; sleep and dreaming Cerebellum = Regulation of movement, coordination, balance, and posture Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the ventricular system with their descriptions:

Lateral Ventricle = Circulates nutrients to brain; removes waste Third Ventricle = Produces and secretes CSF Cerebral Aqueduct = Canal that connects third and fourth ventricle Fourth Ventricle = Main cushion and shock absorber for the brain Signup and view all the answers

Match the brain structures with their roles in motor control:

Basal Ganglia = Includes structures important for motor control and movement Caudate Nucleus = Motor planning, integrates spatial information with motor behavior Putamen = Involved in the general execution of all movements Subthalamic Nucleus = Involved in motor impulse control and stopping movements Signup and view all the answers

Match the following brain components with their associated functions:

Hypothalamus = Homeostasis, hunger/thirst, body temperature, controls pituitary Thalamus = The sensory 'relay' station; sends sensory information to cortex Inferior Colliculus = Paired gray matter structures that receive auditory information Superior Colliculus = Paired gray matter structures that receive visual information Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the Limbic System with their functions:

Limbic System = Includes structures important for emotion, memory, and cognition Mammillary Bodies = Aids in long-term memory consolidation Septal Nuclei = Plays a role in pleasure, reward, and reinforcement Stria Terminals = Controls autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their secretory functions:

Pineal Gland = Secretory gland that releases melatonin Choroid Plexus = Produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Substantia Nigra = Produces dopamine and modulates movements Hypothalamus = Controls the anterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their specific characteristics:

Olfactory Bulbs = Provides receptors for smell Optic Chiasm = Point where two optic nerves meet; directs visual stimuli Medulla = Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure Midbrain = Integrates sensory information; helps to respond to sound Signup and view all the answers

Match the following areas with their role in memory and learning:

Hippocampus = Aids in memory consolidation and learning Amygdala = Involved in emotional memory processing Mammillary Bodies = Plays a role in long-term memory Stria Terminals = Links emotional responses with memory Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes